Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a significant pest threatening crops like maize across Africa, necessitating sustainable pest management alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens as a biological control agent against FAW egg masses...

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Main Authors: Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly, Khaled M. A. Abdelhameed, Shimaa Y. E. Shakl, Ahmed A. Saleh, Elsayed E. Hafez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77347-0
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author Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Khaled M. A. Abdelhameed
Shimaa Y. E. Shakl
Ahmed A. Saleh
Elsayed E. Hafez
author_facet Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Khaled M. A. Abdelhameed
Shimaa Y. E. Shakl
Ahmed A. Saleh
Elsayed E. Hafez
author_sort Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a significant pest threatening crops like maize across Africa, necessitating sustainable pest management alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens as a biological control agent against FAW egg masses in Egypt under laboratory and semi-field conditions. FAW larvae were initially collected from infested maize fields and reared on castor-oil plant leaves. Meanwhile, T. evanescens was propagated using Sitotroga cerealella eggs as hosts. The host eggs, aged 18 to 24 h, were sterilized with UV light to prevent host development while maintaining suitability for parasitism. Using custom-designed parasitoid incubators and hemisphere clip-cages, experiments focused on various egg mass configurations, assessing the effects of scales and layering. Laboratory conditions were controlled at 25 ± 2ºC and 55 ± 5% relative humidity, while semi-field trials used large cages in maize fields to approximate natural conditions. The results showed that in laboratory settings, parasitism rates averaged 5.96%, 2.00%, and 1.56% for non-, average-, and dense-scale egg masses, respectively. For egg masses with varying layers, parasitism rates were 5.24% for single-layer, 3.09% for double-layer, and 1.18% for ple-layer, regardless of scale presence. In semi-field conditions, parasitism rates were 1.01% for single-layer, 1.13% for double-layer, and 0.59% for triple-layer egg masses. Correspondingly, parasitism rates for non-, average-, and dense-scale eggs were 1.85%, 0.60% and 0.27%. The study concludes that T. evanescens shows promise for integrated pest management programs; however, its effectiveness is constrained by physical and environmental variables. Optimizing the timing of parasitoid releases and selecting robust strains could enhance the effectiveness of biological control, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides in Egypt.
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spelling doaj-art-325fee7a9c5d4fe2a0d21e1fdf0646582025-08-20T02:13:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-77347-0Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditionsHosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly0Khaled M. A. Abdelhameed1Shimaa Y. E. Shakl2Ahmed A. Saleh3Elsayed E. Hafez4Biological Pest Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research CenterApicalture Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research CenterDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Aswan UniversityAnimal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Al-Shatby), Alexandria UniversityCity of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Arid Lands Cultivations Research InstituteAbstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a significant pest threatening crops like maize across Africa, necessitating sustainable pest management alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens as a biological control agent against FAW egg masses in Egypt under laboratory and semi-field conditions. FAW larvae were initially collected from infested maize fields and reared on castor-oil plant leaves. Meanwhile, T. evanescens was propagated using Sitotroga cerealella eggs as hosts. The host eggs, aged 18 to 24 h, were sterilized with UV light to prevent host development while maintaining suitability for parasitism. Using custom-designed parasitoid incubators and hemisphere clip-cages, experiments focused on various egg mass configurations, assessing the effects of scales and layering. Laboratory conditions were controlled at 25 ± 2ºC and 55 ± 5% relative humidity, while semi-field trials used large cages in maize fields to approximate natural conditions. The results showed that in laboratory settings, parasitism rates averaged 5.96%, 2.00%, and 1.56% for non-, average-, and dense-scale egg masses, respectively. For egg masses with varying layers, parasitism rates were 5.24% for single-layer, 3.09% for double-layer, and 1.18% for ple-layer, regardless of scale presence. In semi-field conditions, parasitism rates were 1.01% for single-layer, 1.13% for double-layer, and 0.59% for triple-layer egg masses. Correspondingly, parasitism rates for non-, average-, and dense-scale eggs were 1.85%, 0.60% and 0.27%. The study concludes that T. evanescens shows promise for integrated pest management programs; however, its effectiveness is constrained by physical and environmental variables. Optimizing the timing of parasitoid releases and selecting robust strains could enhance the effectiveness of biological control, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides in Egypt.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77347-0Trichogramma evanescensSpodoptera frugiperdaFall armywormFAWBiological aspects
spellingShingle Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Khaled M. A. Abdelhameed
Shimaa Y. E. Shakl
Ahmed A. Saleh
Elsayed E. Hafez
Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
Scientific Reports
Trichogramma evanescens
Spodoptera frugiperda
Fall armyworm
FAW
Biological aspects
title Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
title_full Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
title_fullStr Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
title_full_unstemmed Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
title_short Performance of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs at laboratory and field conditions
title_sort performance of trichogramma evanescens westwood hymenoptera trichogrammatidae on spodoptera frugiperda j e smith lepidoptera noctuidae eggs at laboratory and field conditions
topic Trichogramma evanescens
Spodoptera frugiperda
Fall armyworm
FAW
Biological aspects
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77347-0
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