Association of long-term use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with the risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a real-world evidence study

Association of long-term use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with the risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a real-world evidence study

BackgroundIn this study, we investigated the association of long-term use of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) with the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis based on the nationwide database from 2008 to 2022 in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yu-Ching Li, Yu-Hsiang Kuan, Yih Yang, Shuo-Yan Gau, Kun-Yu Su, Tung-Han Tsai, Kuang-Hua Huang, Chien-Ying Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
Subjects:
diabetic retinopathy
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
diabetes mellitus
cumulative defined daily dose
real-world evidence
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1518545/full
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