Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review

Abstract Background The purpose of this scoping review is to understand the etiological, clinical characteristics and treatment of chromogenic staining of teeth and the various management strategies reported in literature. This SR was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2022 guidelines and was r...

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Main Authors: Mathangi Kumar, Medhini Madi, Ravindranath Vineetha, Divya Gopinath
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05441-4
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author Mathangi Kumar
Medhini Madi
Ravindranath Vineetha
Divya Gopinath
author_facet Mathangi Kumar
Medhini Madi
Ravindranath Vineetha
Divya Gopinath
author_sort Mathangi Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The purpose of this scoping review is to understand the etiological, clinical characteristics and treatment of chromogenic staining of teeth and the various management strategies reported in literature. This SR was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2022 guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024565446). Methods A systematic electronic search on databases like Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest and Web of Science from inception to July 2024 was performed. Two independent reviewers ran the search strategy in the mentioned databases. Results A total of 989 articles were obtained from various databases. 21 were included for data extraction of which 2 were case reports, 1 was case series and 18 were research articles. The prevalence of staining due to chromogenic bacteria reported from the included studies ranged from 3.1 to 18.5%. All these studies reported on the typical black color of staining of teeth. Conclusion This scoping review reveals sparsity in existing literature regarding the etiological, clinical characteristics and management of chromogenic staining of teeth. Though the role of peculiar oral microbiota is well established, evidence regarding the management strategies to combat these recalcitrant staining remains a strong research question.
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spelling doaj-art-32493f4d113f4d63891897f6d194db402025-01-12T12:42:23ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-01-0125111210.1186/s12903-025-05441-4Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping reviewMathangi Kumar0Medhini Madi1Ravindranath Vineetha2Divya Gopinath3Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationBasic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman UniversityAbstract Background The purpose of this scoping review is to understand the etiological, clinical characteristics and treatment of chromogenic staining of teeth and the various management strategies reported in literature. This SR was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2022 guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024565446). Methods A systematic electronic search on databases like Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest and Web of Science from inception to July 2024 was performed. Two independent reviewers ran the search strategy in the mentioned databases. Results A total of 989 articles were obtained from various databases. 21 were included for data extraction of which 2 were case reports, 1 was case series and 18 were research articles. The prevalence of staining due to chromogenic bacteria reported from the included studies ranged from 3.1 to 18.5%. All these studies reported on the typical black color of staining of teeth. Conclusion This scoping review reveals sparsity in existing literature regarding the etiological, clinical characteristics and management of chromogenic staining of teeth. Though the role of peculiar oral microbiota is well established, evidence regarding the management strategies to combat these recalcitrant staining remains a strong research question.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05441-4BacteriaChromogenicStaining of teethAestheticsScaling
spellingShingle Mathangi Kumar
Medhini Madi
Ravindranath Vineetha
Divya Gopinath
Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review
BMC Oral Health
Bacteria
Chromogenic
Staining of teeth
Aesthetics
Scaling
title Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review
title_full Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review
title_fullStr Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review
title_short Chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth: a scoping review
title_sort chromogenic bacterial staining of teeth a scoping review
topic Bacteria
Chromogenic
Staining of teeth
Aesthetics
Scaling
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05441-4
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