Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Prior meta-analyses have established the potential of intravenous ketamine in safeguarding against neurocognitive impairment, but the efficacy of intravenous esketamine for the prevention of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) remains uncertain. The primary aim of this m...

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Main Authors: Xing Lin, Xin Liu, Huoming Huang, Xiaohui Xu, Tianhong Zhang, Ju Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Anesthesiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-024-02803-3
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author Xing Lin
Xin Liu
Huoming Huang
Xiaohui Xu
Tianhong Zhang
Ju Gao
author_facet Xing Lin
Xin Liu
Huoming Huang
Xiaohui Xu
Tianhong Zhang
Ju Gao
author_sort Xing Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Prior meta-analyses have established the potential of intravenous ketamine in safeguarding against neurocognitive impairment, but the efficacy of intravenous esketamine for the prevention of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) remains uncertain. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of esketamine on PND in adult surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods We searched several electronic databases and clinical trial registries to find relevant trials. Randomized controlled trials of perioperative use of esketamine adjuvant were included in the analysis. The main outcome measured was the risk of postoperative delirium(POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Secondary outcomes included the assessment of postoperative cognitive status, pain scores (VAS/NRS), remifentanil consumption and the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results Thirteen studies encompassing procedures such as abdominal, thoracoscopic lung, gastrointestinal, laparoscopic gynecological, spinal surgery, and modified radical mastectomy, were included in the analysis. A cohort comprising 1068 adult patients underwent general anesthesia, with 584 patients assigned to the esketamine group and 484 patients designated to the placebo group. The administration of general anesthesia was augmented by intravenous infusion of esketamine, and a comparative analysis was conducted in relation to alternative pharmacological interventions or a placebo. The application of esketamine during the perioperative period was observed to decrease the risk of POD ( RR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.66, p < 0.0001, GRADE = High) and exhibited a protective influence on POCD (RR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.30, 0.84, p = 0.009, I 2 = 0%, GRADE = Moderate). Significant improvements were observed at 4, 24 and 48 h post-surgery when comparing esketamine to a placebo (4 h: SMD -0.78, 95% CI: -1.24, -0.32, p = 0.0009, I 2 = 58%, GRADE = Low; 24 h: SMD -0.92, 95% CI: -1.40, -0.44, p = 0.0002, I2 = 86%, GRADE = Low; 48 h: SMD -0.9, 95% CI: -1.68, -0.12, p = 0.02, I 2 = 89%, GRADE = Low), and intraoperative remifentanil consumption was significantly reduced in the esketamine group (SMD -0.56; 95%CI: − 0.86, − 0.27, p = 0.0002, I 2 = 62%, GRADE = moderate). A notable reduction in the risk of PONV was observed in the esketamine group(RR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.84, p = 0.001, I 2 = 0%, GRADE = High). Conclusion The use of intravenous esketamine as an adjuvant in general anesthesia may represent a potentially beneficial strategy for reducing susceptibility to PND, with potential benefits for preventing POD and POCD. Furthermore, it can decrease intraoperative opioid consumption and alleviate postoperative pain intensity without increasing the incidence of PONV. Trial registration This meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023453714).
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spelling doaj-art-322e6429bf34470bb616000fd0c03cc32025-08-20T02:20:45ZengBMCBMC Anesthesiology1471-22532024-12-0124111610.1186/s12871-024-02803-3Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysisXing Lin0Xin Liu1Huoming Huang2Xiaohui Xu3Tianhong Zhang4Ju Gao5Yangzhou University Medical CollegeYangzhou University Medical CollegeYangzhou University Medical CollegeYangzhou University Medical CollegeYangzhou University Medical CollegeYangzhou University Medical CollegeAbstract Background Prior meta-analyses have established the potential of intravenous ketamine in safeguarding against neurocognitive impairment, but the efficacy of intravenous esketamine for the prevention of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) remains uncertain. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of esketamine on PND in adult surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods We searched several electronic databases and clinical trial registries to find relevant trials. Randomized controlled trials of perioperative use of esketamine adjuvant were included in the analysis. The main outcome measured was the risk of postoperative delirium(POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Secondary outcomes included the assessment of postoperative cognitive status, pain scores (VAS/NRS), remifentanil consumption and the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results Thirteen studies encompassing procedures such as abdominal, thoracoscopic lung, gastrointestinal, laparoscopic gynecological, spinal surgery, and modified radical mastectomy, were included in the analysis. A cohort comprising 1068 adult patients underwent general anesthesia, with 584 patients assigned to the esketamine group and 484 patients designated to the placebo group. The administration of general anesthesia was augmented by intravenous infusion of esketamine, and a comparative analysis was conducted in relation to alternative pharmacological interventions or a placebo. The application of esketamine during the perioperative period was observed to decrease the risk of POD ( RR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.66, p < 0.0001, GRADE = High) and exhibited a protective influence on POCD (RR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.30, 0.84, p = 0.009, I 2 = 0%, GRADE = Moderate). Significant improvements were observed at 4, 24 and 48 h post-surgery when comparing esketamine to a placebo (4 h: SMD -0.78, 95% CI: -1.24, -0.32, p = 0.0009, I 2 = 58%, GRADE = Low; 24 h: SMD -0.92, 95% CI: -1.40, -0.44, p = 0.0002, I2 = 86%, GRADE = Low; 48 h: SMD -0.9, 95% CI: -1.68, -0.12, p = 0.02, I 2 = 89%, GRADE = Low), and intraoperative remifentanil consumption was significantly reduced in the esketamine group (SMD -0.56; 95%CI: − 0.86, − 0.27, p = 0.0002, I 2 = 62%, GRADE = moderate). A notable reduction in the risk of PONV was observed in the esketamine group(RR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.84, p = 0.001, I 2 = 0%, GRADE = High). Conclusion The use of intravenous esketamine as an adjuvant in general anesthesia may represent a potentially beneficial strategy for reducing susceptibility to PND, with potential benefits for preventing POD and POCD. Furthermore, it can decrease intraoperative opioid consumption and alleviate postoperative pain intensity without increasing the incidence of PONV. Trial registration This meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023453714).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-024-02803-3EsketaminePerioperative neurocognitive disordersPostoperative deliriumMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Xing Lin
Xin Liu
Huoming Huang
Xiaohui Xu
Tianhong Zhang
Ju Gao
Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
BMC Anesthesiology
Esketamine
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders
Postoperative delirium
Meta-analysis
title Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
title_full Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
title_fullStr Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
title_short Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
title_sort esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients a meta analysis
topic Esketamine
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders
Postoperative delirium
Meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-024-02803-3
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