Loanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle English

This study investigates the polysemy of French loanwords in Middle English, analysing the attested senses of loan lexis in three occupational domains. Senses recorded in the Dictionnaire du moyen français and the Anglo-Norman dictionary were compared with corresponding lexical entries in the Middle...

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Main Author: Richard Ingham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 2024-10-01
Series:Lexis: Journal in English Lexicology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.openedition.org/lexis/8536
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author Richard Ingham
author_facet Richard Ingham
author_sort Richard Ingham
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the polysemy of French loanwords in Middle English, analysing the attested senses of loan lexis in three occupational domains. Senses recorded in the Dictionnaire du moyen français and the Anglo-Norman dictionary were compared with corresponding lexical entries in the Middle English dictionary. Out of over 100 Middle English items borrowed from French, it is found that the great majority were polysemous in ways reflecting the source language semantics. This outcome contrasts with the usual finding that foreign borrowing in modern contexts produces monosemous loanwords. The conclusion is therefore drawn that the process of borrowing from French was of a different nature in the English medieval period. It is argued that bilingual users of French were agents of borrowing who replicated source word polysemy in their English. The likelihood that senses matching those of the French etymon arose in Middle English independently of source language polysemy is considered, but rejected.
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issn 1951-6215
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publisher Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3
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series Lexis: Journal in English Lexicology
spelling doaj-art-3210088431004ff49bffbdae7bbb58242025-08-20T01:54:07ZengUniversité Jean Moulin - Lyon 3Lexis: Journal in English Lexicology1951-62152024-10-01310.4000/12izcLoanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle EnglishRichard InghamThis study investigates the polysemy of French loanwords in Middle English, analysing the attested senses of loan lexis in three occupational domains. Senses recorded in the Dictionnaire du moyen français and the Anglo-Norman dictionary were compared with corresponding lexical entries in the Middle English dictionary. Out of over 100 Middle English items borrowed from French, it is found that the great majority were polysemous in ways reflecting the source language semantics. This outcome contrasts with the usual finding that foreign borrowing in modern contexts produces monosemous loanwords. The conclusion is therefore drawn that the process of borrowing from French was of a different nature in the English medieval period. It is argued that bilingual users of French were agents of borrowing who replicated source word polysemy in their English. The likelihood that senses matching those of the French etymon arose in Middle English independently of source language polysemy is considered, but rejected.https://journals.openedition.org/lexis/8536polysemyloanwordsreplicationAnglo-Normanoccupational domain
spellingShingle Richard Ingham
Loanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle English
Lexis: Journal in English Lexicology
polysemy
loanwords
replication
Anglo-Norman
occupational domain
title Loanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle English
title_full Loanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle English
title_fullStr Loanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle English
title_full_unstemmed Loanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle English
title_short Loanwords and polysemy: An investigation of specialized domain lexis in Middle English
title_sort loanwords and polysemy an investigation of specialized domain lexis in middle english
topic polysemy
loanwords
replication
Anglo-Norman
occupational domain
url https://journals.openedition.org/lexis/8536
work_keys_str_mv AT richardingham loanwordsandpolysemyaninvestigationofspecializeddomainlexisinmiddleenglish