The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLS
BackgroundSarcopenia is the main cause of disability in an aging society and increases the risk of death in older adults. However, the relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitiv...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| author | Yin Shi Yin Shi Yu Zhang Xinyu Yang Jiali Yang Shilang Wang YanFang Hong |
| author_facet | Yin Shi Yin Shi Yu Zhang Xinyu Yang Jiali Yang Shilang Wang YanFang Hong |
| author_sort | Yin Shi |
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| description | BackgroundSarcopenia is the main cause of disability in an aging society and increases the risk of death in older adults. However, the relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in the older adults.MethodsThis study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), phase III from 2011 to 2018. We analyzed 2536 participants aged ≥60 years. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data screening and statistical analysis, and MPLUS 8.7 and R4.4.2 software were used to construct cross-lag models and restricted cubic splints.ResultsIn this study, out of 2,536 participants, there were 1,283 males (50.6%) and 1,253 females (49.4%), with an average age of 77.54 ± 8.6 years. Correlation analysis showed that cognitive function was positively correlated with muscle mass in older adults. At all time points (P<0.05). The cross-lag model revealed a one-way prediction effect: The path coefficients of ASMI→MMSE in T1→T2 and T2→T3 were statistically significant in the general population, men and women (P<0.05), and the path coefficients β were all greater than 0. The association of MMSE → ASMI was significant only at the T2 → T3 time point in the overall population (β = 0.010, P < 0.05), and not statistically significant at T1 → T2 and T2 → T3 time points in both males and females (P <0.05). RCS results showed that the association between skeletal muscle mass and cognitive impairment in the total population (Poverall trend <0.05, Pnon-linear <0.05), older men (Poverall trend <0.05, Pnon-linear <0.05) and older women (Poverall trend <0.05, Pnon-linear <0.05) showed a nonlinear increasing trend. It is suggested that ASMI should be maintained at 7.45kg/m2 and 5.68kg/m2 or above in older men and women, respectively.ConclusionMuscle mass had a major predictive effect on cognitive trajectory, especially in females. Maintaining ASMI above gender-specific thresholds may help slow cognitive decline, suggesting that muscle mass can serve as an adjustable biomarker for dementia prevention. Longitudinal studies should verify the validity of these thresholds in different populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-31f6fbbd3fbe4681aaf0c0e9dcd5c28b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
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| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-31f6fbbd3fbe4681aaf0c0e9dcd5c28b2025-08-20T03:19:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-06-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.15956251595625The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLSYin Shi0Yin Shi1Yu Zhang2Xinyu Yang3Jiali Yang4Shilang Wang5YanFang Hong6Department of Critical Care Medicine, Deqing People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaCollege of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, ChinaCollege of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, ChinaCollege of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, ChinaCollege of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Taizhou, Zhejiang, ChinaBackgroundSarcopenia is the main cause of disability in an aging society and increases the risk of death in older adults. However, the relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in the older adults.MethodsThis study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), phase III from 2011 to 2018. We analyzed 2536 participants aged ≥60 years. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data screening and statistical analysis, and MPLUS 8.7 and R4.4.2 software were used to construct cross-lag models and restricted cubic splints.ResultsIn this study, out of 2,536 participants, there were 1,283 males (50.6%) and 1,253 females (49.4%), with an average age of 77.54 ± 8.6 years. Correlation analysis showed that cognitive function was positively correlated with muscle mass in older adults. At all time points (P<0.05). The cross-lag model revealed a one-way prediction effect: The path coefficients of ASMI→MMSE in T1→T2 and T2→T3 were statistically significant in the general population, men and women (P<0.05), and the path coefficients β were all greater than 0. The association of MMSE → ASMI was significant only at the T2 → T3 time point in the overall population (β = 0.010, P < 0.05), and not statistically significant at T1 → T2 and T2 → T3 time points in both males and females (P <0.05). RCS results showed that the association between skeletal muscle mass and cognitive impairment in the total population (Poverall trend <0.05, Pnon-linear <0.05), older men (Poverall trend <0.05, Pnon-linear <0.05) and older women (Poverall trend <0.05, Pnon-linear <0.05) showed a nonlinear increasing trend. It is suggested that ASMI should be maintained at 7.45kg/m2 and 5.68kg/m2 or above in older men and women, respectively.ConclusionMuscle mass had a major predictive effect on cognitive trajectory, especially in females. Maintaining ASMI above gender-specific thresholds may help slow cognitive decline, suggesting that muscle mass can serve as an adjustable biomarker for dementia prevention. Longitudinal studies should verify the validity of these thresholds in different populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1595625/fullolder adultscognitive functionmuscle masscross lagrestricted cubic splines |
| spellingShingle | Yin Shi Yin Shi Yu Zhang Xinyu Yang Jiali Yang Shilang Wang YanFang Hong The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLS Frontiers in Psychiatry older adults cognitive function muscle mass cross lag restricted cubic splines |
| title | The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLS |
| title_full | The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLS |
| title_fullStr | The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLS |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLS |
| title_short | The relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults: a longitudinal study based on CLHLS |
| title_sort | relationship between cognitive function and muscle mass in older adults a longitudinal study based on clhls |
| topic | older adults cognitive function muscle mass cross lag restricted cubic splines |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1595625/full |
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