Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility.
<h4>Background</h4>Cervicitis is one of the major health problems amongst women caused by infection of various pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) as well as human papillomavirus (HPV), and persistent cervical inflammatio...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0220330&type=printable |
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| author | Alex Chauhan Nilesh Pandey Ajesh Desai Nitin Raithatha Purvi Patel Yesha Choxi Rutul Kapadia Ronak Khandelwal Neeraj Jain |
| author_facet | Alex Chauhan Nilesh Pandey Ajesh Desai Nitin Raithatha Purvi Patel Yesha Choxi Rutul Kapadia Ronak Khandelwal Neeraj Jain |
| author_sort | Alex Chauhan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Cervicitis is one of the major health problems amongst women caused by infection of various pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) as well as human papillomavirus (HPV), and persistent cervical inflammation is one of the etiologic agents of cervical cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition and subsequent elimination of these pathogens. Variations in the Toll-like receptor genes influence susceptibility to pathogens as well as disease progression independently.<h4>Methods</h4>Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms, five each of TLR4 and TLR9 genes were analyzed among 130 cervicitis patients and 150 controls either using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele specific-PCR.<h4>Results</h4>T. vaginalis infection was found at the highest frequency (30.7%) as compared to C. trachomatis (1.5%), N. gonorrhoeae (2.3%) and HPV (4.6%) infections in cervicitis patients. TLR4 rs11536889 CC (age-adjusted OR, 2.469 [95% CI, 1.499 to 4.065]; p < 0.001) and TLR9 rs187084 TC (age-adjusted OR, 2.165 [95% CI, 1.267-3.699]; p = 0.005) genotypes showed the higher distribution in cervicitis patients compared to controls. In addition, TLR4 rs11536889 C allele was shown to increase the risk of cervicitis (age-adjusted OR, 1.632 [95% CI, 1.132 to 2.352]; p = 0.009) compared to controls. The TLR4 haplotype GCA (OR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.38-0.95]; p = 0.0272) and TLR9 haplotype GTA (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.14-3.48]; p = 0.014) were found to be associated with decreased and increased risk of cervicitis respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms, as well as haplotypes were shown to modulate the cervicitis risk. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-31edc9a7dd2f47cca31f01c1014007bf |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-31edc9a7dd2f47cca31f01c1014007bf2025-08-20T02:04:17ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032019-01-01147e022033010.1371/journal.pone.0220330Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility.Alex ChauhanNilesh PandeyAjesh DesaiNitin RaithathaPurvi PatelYesha ChoxiRutul KapadiaRonak KhandelwalNeeraj Jain<h4>Background</h4>Cervicitis is one of the major health problems amongst women caused by infection of various pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) as well as human papillomavirus (HPV), and persistent cervical inflammation is one of the etiologic agents of cervical cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition and subsequent elimination of these pathogens. Variations in the Toll-like receptor genes influence susceptibility to pathogens as well as disease progression independently.<h4>Methods</h4>Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms, five each of TLR4 and TLR9 genes were analyzed among 130 cervicitis patients and 150 controls either using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele specific-PCR.<h4>Results</h4>T. vaginalis infection was found at the highest frequency (30.7%) as compared to C. trachomatis (1.5%), N. gonorrhoeae (2.3%) and HPV (4.6%) infections in cervicitis patients. TLR4 rs11536889 CC (age-adjusted OR, 2.469 [95% CI, 1.499 to 4.065]; p < 0.001) and TLR9 rs187084 TC (age-adjusted OR, 2.165 [95% CI, 1.267-3.699]; p = 0.005) genotypes showed the higher distribution in cervicitis patients compared to controls. In addition, TLR4 rs11536889 C allele was shown to increase the risk of cervicitis (age-adjusted OR, 1.632 [95% CI, 1.132 to 2.352]; p = 0.009) compared to controls. The TLR4 haplotype GCA (OR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.38-0.95]; p = 0.0272) and TLR9 haplotype GTA (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.14-3.48]; p = 0.014) were found to be associated with decreased and increased risk of cervicitis respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms, as well as haplotypes were shown to modulate the cervicitis risk.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0220330&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Alex Chauhan Nilesh Pandey Ajesh Desai Nitin Raithatha Purvi Patel Yesha Choxi Rutul Kapadia Ronak Khandelwal Neeraj Jain Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility. PLoS ONE |
| title | Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility. |
| title_full | Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility. |
| title_fullStr | Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility. |
| title_short | Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility. |
| title_sort | association of tlr4 and tlr9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0220330&type=printable |
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