Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel

Ammonia combustion has garnered increasing attention due to its potential as a carbon-free fuel. Globally swirling flow in a rectangular furnace generates flameless conditions by high flue gas recirculation. The reverse air injection (RAI) technique enabled stable swirling flameless combustion of pu...

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Main Authors: Lizhen Qin, Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi, Byeongjun Jeon, Donghoon Shin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3104
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author Lizhen Qin
Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi
Byeongjun Jeon
Donghoon Shin
author_facet Lizhen Qin
Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi
Byeongjun Jeon
Donghoon Shin
author_sort Lizhen Qin
collection DOAJ
description Ammonia combustion has garnered increasing attention due to its potential as a carbon-free fuel. Globally swirling flow in a rectangular furnace generates flameless conditions by high flue gas recirculation. The reverse air injection (RAI) technique enabled stable swirling flameless combustion of pure ammonia without auxiliary methods. Experiments with pure ammonia combustion in a swirling flameless furnace demonstrated an operable equivalence ratio (ER) range of 0.3–1.05, extending conventional flammability limits of pure ammonia as a fuel. NO emissions were reduced by 40% compared to conventional combustion, with peak concentrations of 1245 ppm at ER = 0.71 and near-zero emissions at ER = 1.05. Notably, flameless combustion exhibited lower temperature sensitivity in NO formation; however, the ER has a serious effect. Developing a simplified reaction model for ammonia combustion is crucial for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research. A reduced kinetic mechanism comprising 36 reactions and 16 chemical species was introduced, specifically designed for efficient and precise modeling of pure ammonia flameless combustion. Combustion simulation using the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) approach confirmed the mechanism’s predictive capability, maintaining acceptable accuracy across the operating conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-31e53df6dc57467fb11890503c537a542025-08-20T02:24:38ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011812310410.3390/en18123104Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia FuelLizhen Qin0Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi1Byeongjun Jeon2Donghoon Shin3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaAmmonia combustion has garnered increasing attention due to its potential as a carbon-free fuel. Globally swirling flow in a rectangular furnace generates flameless conditions by high flue gas recirculation. The reverse air injection (RAI) technique enabled stable swirling flameless combustion of pure ammonia without auxiliary methods. Experiments with pure ammonia combustion in a swirling flameless furnace demonstrated an operable equivalence ratio (ER) range of 0.3–1.05, extending conventional flammability limits of pure ammonia as a fuel. NO emissions were reduced by 40% compared to conventional combustion, with peak concentrations of 1245 ppm at ER = 0.71 and near-zero emissions at ER = 1.05. Notably, flameless combustion exhibited lower temperature sensitivity in NO formation; however, the ER has a serious effect. Developing a simplified reaction model for ammonia combustion is crucial for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research. A reduced kinetic mechanism comprising 36 reactions and 16 chemical species was introduced, specifically designed for efficient and precise modeling of pure ammonia flameless combustion. Combustion simulation using the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) approach confirmed the mechanism’s predictive capability, maintaining acceptable accuracy across the operating conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3104flameless combustionpure ammoniareverse air injectionswirling flowNOxCFD
spellingShingle Lizhen Qin
Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi
Byeongjun Jeon
Donghoon Shin
Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel
Energies
flameless combustion
pure ammonia
reverse air injection
swirling flow
NOx
CFD
title Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel
title_full Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel
title_fullStr Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel
title_full_unstemmed Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel
title_short Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel
title_sort swirling flameless combustion of pure ammonia fuel
topic flameless combustion
pure ammonia
reverse air injection
swirling flow
NOx
CFD
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3104
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AT byeongjunjeon swirlingflamelesscombustionofpureammoniafuel
AT donghoonshin swirlingflamelesscombustionofpureammoniafuel