The synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systems

Abstract Climate change has significantly impacted smallholder farmers in developing countries, where most livelihoods rely on rain-fed agricultural systems. The Northwestern Escarpment of the Ethiopian Rift Valley (NEERV) is among Ethiopia's most drought-vulnerable areas and is highly affected...

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Main Authors: Jemal Nasir, Tesfaye Zeleke, Eskinder Gidey, Engdawork Assefa, Shishay Kahsay, Emiru Birhane, Paidamwoyo Mhangara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-02-01
Series:Discover Environment
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00193-y
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author Jemal Nasir
Tesfaye Zeleke
Eskinder Gidey
Engdawork Assefa
Shishay Kahsay
Emiru Birhane
Paidamwoyo Mhangara
author_facet Jemal Nasir
Tesfaye Zeleke
Eskinder Gidey
Engdawork Assefa
Shishay Kahsay
Emiru Birhane
Paidamwoyo Mhangara
author_sort Jemal Nasir
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Climate change has significantly impacted smallholder farmers in developing countries, where most livelihoods rely on rain-fed agricultural systems. The Northwestern Escarpment of the Ethiopian Rift Valley (NEERV) is among Ethiopia's most drought-vulnerable areas and is highly affected by land use and land cover change (LULCC). This study aimed to analyze the synergistic impacts of drought and LULCC in the three major livelihood zones (LZs) of NEERV between 1983 and 2019. The study used socioeconomic, climatic, and earth observation datasets. Utilizing a mix of socioeconomic, climatic, and earth observation datasets, this paper investigated the combined effects of these factors on three major livelihood zones: Alagie-Ofla (ALOFLZ), Tsirare catchment (TCLZ), and Raya Valley (RVLZ). The analysis revealed significant rainfall variability, with annual fluctuations between 31 and 50% and seasonal variations ranging from 39 to 99%. This variability has contributed to frequent drought occurrences, with intervals of approximately 2.13 years in ALOFLZ, 2.2 years in TCLZ, and 2.13 years in RVLZ. There has been a notable increase in cultivated and built-up areas across all zones. The study found that drought and LULCC have severely impacted agricultural productivity and local ecosystems, with the most pronounced effects observed in RVLZ, TCLZ, and ALOFLZ. The findings highlight a critical need for integrated approaches to manage and monitor the synergistic impacts of drought and LULCC. The study underscores the importance of enhancing drought and LULCC monitoring systems to improve resilience and adaptability in vulnerable regions. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of how these intertwined factors exacerbate environmental and socioeconomic challenges, offering valuable insights into policy and management strategies for mitigating their effects. Recommendations include enhancing the current drought and LULCC monitoring systems to improve predictions and mitigation efforts, thus bolstering resilience and adaptability among affected communities.
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spelling doaj-art-31e3415073a741219c859dd42c9a770d2025-08-20T03:13:11ZengSpringerDiscover Environment2731-94312025-02-013112210.1007/s44274-025-00193-yThe synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systemsJemal Nasir0Tesfaye Zeleke1Eskinder Gidey2Engdawork Assefa3Shishay Kahsay4Emiru Birhane5Paidamwoyo Mhangara6Department of Natural Resources Management, College of Agriculture, Wollo UniversityCenter for Environmental and Development Studies, College of Development Study, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of the WitwatersrandCenter for Environmental and Development Studies, College of Development Study, Addis Ababa UniversityDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Aksum UniversityDepartment of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection (LaRMEP), College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle UniversitySchool of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of the WitwatersrandAbstract Climate change has significantly impacted smallholder farmers in developing countries, where most livelihoods rely on rain-fed agricultural systems. The Northwestern Escarpment of the Ethiopian Rift Valley (NEERV) is among Ethiopia's most drought-vulnerable areas and is highly affected by land use and land cover change (LULCC). This study aimed to analyze the synergistic impacts of drought and LULCC in the three major livelihood zones (LZs) of NEERV between 1983 and 2019. The study used socioeconomic, climatic, and earth observation datasets. Utilizing a mix of socioeconomic, climatic, and earth observation datasets, this paper investigated the combined effects of these factors on three major livelihood zones: Alagie-Ofla (ALOFLZ), Tsirare catchment (TCLZ), and Raya Valley (RVLZ). The analysis revealed significant rainfall variability, with annual fluctuations between 31 and 50% and seasonal variations ranging from 39 to 99%. This variability has contributed to frequent drought occurrences, with intervals of approximately 2.13 years in ALOFLZ, 2.2 years in TCLZ, and 2.13 years in RVLZ. There has been a notable increase in cultivated and built-up areas across all zones. The study found that drought and LULCC have severely impacted agricultural productivity and local ecosystems, with the most pronounced effects observed in RVLZ, TCLZ, and ALOFLZ. The findings highlight a critical need for integrated approaches to manage and monitor the synergistic impacts of drought and LULCC. The study underscores the importance of enhancing drought and LULCC monitoring systems to improve resilience and adaptability in vulnerable regions. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of how these intertwined factors exacerbate environmental and socioeconomic challenges, offering valuable insights into policy and management strategies for mitigating their effects. Recommendations include enhancing the current drought and LULCC monitoring systems to improve predictions and mitigation efforts, thus bolstering resilience and adaptability among affected communities.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00193-yClimate variabilityDroughtLULCCCombined effectsLivelihood system
spellingShingle Jemal Nasir
Tesfaye Zeleke
Eskinder Gidey
Engdawork Assefa
Shishay Kahsay
Emiru Birhane
Paidamwoyo Mhangara
The synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systems
Discover Environment
Climate variability
Drought
LULCC
Combined effects
Livelihood system
title The synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systems
title_full The synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systems
title_fullStr The synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systems
title_full_unstemmed The synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systems
title_short The synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on Ethiopian Rift Valley Northwestern Escarpment livelihood systems
title_sort synergetic effect of drought and land use changes on ethiopian rift valley northwestern escarpment livelihood systems
topic Climate variability
Drought
LULCC
Combined effects
Livelihood system
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00193-y
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