Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O molecule

We present a thorough theoretical and experimental investigation of photoionization time delays in the N_{2}O molecule. Our theory provides actual XUV+IR time-resolved photoelectron spectra as measured in real reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT) ex...

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Main Authors: Celso M. González-Collado, Laura Cattaneo, Etienne Plésiat, Juan J. Omiste, Jannie Vos, Jesús González-Vázquez, Piero Decleva, Ursula Keller, Alicia Palacios, Fernando Martín
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2024-09-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033342
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author Celso M. González-Collado
Laura Cattaneo
Etienne Plésiat
Juan J. Omiste
Jannie Vos
Jesús González-Vázquez
Piero Decleva
Ursula Keller
Alicia Palacios
Fernando Martín
author_facet Celso M. González-Collado
Laura Cattaneo
Etienne Plésiat
Juan J. Omiste
Jannie Vos
Jesús González-Vázquez
Piero Decleva
Ursula Keller
Alicia Palacios
Fernando Martín
author_sort Celso M. González-Collado
collection DOAJ
description We present a thorough theoretical and experimental investigation of photoionization time delays in the N_{2}O molecule. Our theory provides actual XUV+IR time-resolved photoelectron spectra as measured in real reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT) experiments. This requires not only accounting for the interaction between the XUV field and the neutral molecule, but also between the IR field and the ejected electron, which is only possible through explicit evaluation of a large number of dipole couplings between molecular electronic continuum states. To compare with the results of these calculations we have performed RABBIT experiments in which the ejected electron and the resulting ionic fragments are measured in coincidence, thus allowing us to obtain photoionization delays for a particular orientation of the molecule with respect to the polarization of the XUV and IR fields. We have found very good agreement between calculated and measured RABBIT spectra for both nondissociative and dissociative ionization channels. In particular, we unambiguously show a photoionization delay of about 60 as in the vicinity of a well-known shape resonance of N_{2}O in the nondissociative ionization channel. More importantly, we show a dramatic effect of the IR field in the orientation-resolved ionization delays in the whole photon energy range investigated in this paper (18–40 eV), even at the level of relative ionization delays (i.e., delays referred to an internal reference delay) where the effect of the IR field is generally assumed to cancel out. Finally, we explicitly show that the problem of spectral congestion inherent to most molecular systems, which usually prevents extraction of photoionization delays, is substantially alleviated by resolving the molecular orientation or, ideally, by resolving both the molecular orientation and the electron emission angle, where access to perfectly isolated ionization channels is possible at specific angles.
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spelling doaj-art-31c995d6c829442fb42e6a3fdc889e022025-08-20T01:56:13ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642024-09-016303334210.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033342Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O moleculeCelso M. González-ColladoLaura CattaneoEtienne PlésiatJuan J. OmisteJannie VosJesús González-VázquezPiero DeclevaUrsula KellerAlicia PalaciosFernando MartínWe present a thorough theoretical and experimental investigation of photoionization time delays in the N_{2}O molecule. Our theory provides actual XUV+IR time-resolved photoelectron spectra as measured in real reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT) experiments. This requires not only accounting for the interaction between the XUV field and the neutral molecule, but also between the IR field and the ejected electron, which is only possible through explicit evaluation of a large number of dipole couplings between molecular electronic continuum states. To compare with the results of these calculations we have performed RABBIT experiments in which the ejected electron and the resulting ionic fragments are measured in coincidence, thus allowing us to obtain photoionization delays for a particular orientation of the molecule with respect to the polarization of the XUV and IR fields. We have found very good agreement between calculated and measured RABBIT spectra for both nondissociative and dissociative ionization channels. In particular, we unambiguously show a photoionization delay of about 60 as in the vicinity of a well-known shape resonance of N_{2}O in the nondissociative ionization channel. More importantly, we show a dramatic effect of the IR field in the orientation-resolved ionization delays in the whole photon energy range investigated in this paper (18–40 eV), even at the level of relative ionization delays (i.e., delays referred to an internal reference delay) where the effect of the IR field is generally assumed to cancel out. Finally, we explicitly show that the problem of spectral congestion inherent to most molecular systems, which usually prevents extraction of photoionization delays, is substantially alleviated by resolving the molecular orientation or, ideally, by resolving both the molecular orientation and the electron emission angle, where access to perfectly isolated ionization channels is possible at specific angles.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033342
spellingShingle Celso M. González-Collado
Laura Cattaneo
Etienne Plésiat
Juan J. Omiste
Jannie Vos
Jesús González-Vázquez
Piero Decleva
Ursula Keller
Alicia Palacios
Fernando Martín
Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O molecule
Physical Review Research
title Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O molecule
title_full Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O molecule
title_fullStr Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O molecule
title_full_unstemmed Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O molecule
title_short Orientation-resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the N_{2}O molecule
title_sort orientation resolved attosecond photoionization delays in the n 2 o molecule
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033342
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