The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

The strategic coordinated development of land urbanization and carbon emission systems in urban agglomerations is crucial for achieving dual carbon goals and sustainable development. While existing studies emphasize population and economic urbanization, the spatiotemporal coupling mechanisms between...

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Main Authors: Zhengru Li, Yang Yu, Bo Liu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Tianyin Li, Nuo Shi, Yichen Ren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1880
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author Zhengru Li
Yang Yu
Bo Liu
Xiaoyu Zhang
Tianyin Li
Nuo Shi
Yichen Ren
author_facet Zhengru Li
Yang Yu
Bo Liu
Xiaoyu Zhang
Tianyin Li
Nuo Shi
Yichen Ren
author_sort Zhengru Li
collection DOAJ
description The strategic coordinated development of land urbanization and carbon emission systems in urban agglomerations is crucial for achieving dual carbon goals and sustainable development. While existing studies emphasize population and economic urbanization, the spatiotemporal coupling mechanisms between land urbanization (encompassing size, input, and output dimensions) and carbon emissions remain underexplored. This study collects data on land urbanization and carbon emissions from 27 cities in China’s Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration between 2010 and 2019. By establishing evaluation systems for land urbanization and energy consumption carbon emission subsystems, by and employing coupling coordination degree models with spatial autocorrelation analysis methods, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution characteristics of the coupled coordination relationship between land urbanization and energy consumption carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The results indicate the following: (1) From 2010 to 2019, the comprehensive level of the land urbanization subsystem in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration continued to rise, with higher comprehensive indices in the southern and northern peripheral regions and lower values in central urban areas. The carbon emission subsystem showed sustained stable decline, with a gradual reduction in the number of cities maintaining low carbon emission levels. (2) Temporally, the overall coupling coordination degree of the urban agglomeration system demonstrated an upward trend, progressing from severe imbalance to the primary coordination stage. (3) Spatially, significant regional differences in coupling coordination degree were observed, showing higher values in the southeastern areas compared to the northwestern regions. (4) Most areas exhibited no significant clustering characteristics in the coupling coordination degree between land urbanization and energy consumption carbon emissions, while the local spatial clustering patterns demonstrated temporal variations. These findings systematically reveal the transition mechanisms of land–carbon coordination in urban agglomerations, providing empirical evidence to resolve the theoretical debate on urbanization’s dual role in emission promotion and reduction.
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spelling doaj-art-31c5d62cd6aa47df8fe1febc05fd08bf2025-08-20T03:46:38ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-011511188010.3390/buildings15111880The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban AgglomerationZhengru Li0Yang Yu1Bo Liu2Xiaoyu Zhang3Tianyin Li4Nuo Shi5Yichen Ren6College of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaThe strategic coordinated development of land urbanization and carbon emission systems in urban agglomerations is crucial for achieving dual carbon goals and sustainable development. While existing studies emphasize population and economic urbanization, the spatiotemporal coupling mechanisms between land urbanization (encompassing size, input, and output dimensions) and carbon emissions remain underexplored. This study collects data on land urbanization and carbon emissions from 27 cities in China’s Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration between 2010 and 2019. By establishing evaluation systems for land urbanization and energy consumption carbon emission subsystems, by and employing coupling coordination degree models with spatial autocorrelation analysis methods, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution characteristics of the coupled coordination relationship between land urbanization and energy consumption carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The results indicate the following: (1) From 2010 to 2019, the comprehensive level of the land urbanization subsystem in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration continued to rise, with higher comprehensive indices in the southern and northern peripheral regions and lower values in central urban areas. The carbon emission subsystem showed sustained stable decline, with a gradual reduction in the number of cities maintaining low carbon emission levels. (2) Temporally, the overall coupling coordination degree of the urban agglomeration system demonstrated an upward trend, progressing from severe imbalance to the primary coordination stage. (3) Spatially, significant regional differences in coupling coordination degree were observed, showing higher values in the southeastern areas compared to the northwestern regions. (4) Most areas exhibited no significant clustering characteristics in the coupling coordination degree between land urbanization and energy consumption carbon emissions, while the local spatial clustering patterns demonstrated temporal variations. These findings systematically reveal the transition mechanisms of land–carbon coordination in urban agglomerations, providing empirical evidence to resolve the theoretical debate on urbanization’s dual role in emission promotion and reduction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1880land urbanizationenergy consumption carbon emissionscoupling coordination degreespatial autocorrelationspatiotemporal dynamic evolution
spellingShingle Zhengru Li
Yang Yu
Bo Liu
Xiaoyu Zhang
Tianyin Li
Nuo Shi
Yichen Ren
The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Buildings
land urbanization
energy consumption carbon emissions
coupling coordination degree
spatial autocorrelation
spatiotemporal dynamic evolution
title The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
title_full The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
title_fullStr The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
title_full_unstemmed The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
title_short The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatio-Temporal Divergence Between Land Urbanization and Energy Consumption Carbon Emissions of China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
title_sort coupling coordination degree and spatio temporal divergence between land urbanization and energy consumption carbon emissions of china s yangtze river delta urban agglomeration
topic land urbanization
energy consumption carbon emissions
coupling coordination degree
spatial autocorrelation
spatiotemporal dynamic evolution
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1880
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