Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites

Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) sites offer unique opportunities for archaeological exploration and cultural tourism but remain difficult to interpret due to the environmental constraints of the underwater setting. This paper introduces an integrated Underwater Augmented Reality (UWAR) system des...

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Main Authors: S. Fortuna, A. Lagudi, L. Scarfone, B. Davidde, F. Bruno, L. Barbieri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-07-01
Series:The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Online Access:https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W10-2025/63/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-63-2025.pdf
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author S. Fortuna
A. Lagudi
L. Scarfone
B. Davidde
F. Bruno
L. Barbieri
author_facet S. Fortuna
A. Lagudi
L. Scarfone
B. Davidde
F. Bruno
L. Barbieri
author_sort S. Fortuna
collection DOAJ
description Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) sites offer unique opportunities for archaeological exploration and cultural tourism but remain difficult to interpret due to the environmental constraints of the underwater setting. This paper introduces an integrated Underwater Augmented Reality (UWAR) system designed to support real-time, site-specific interpretation for recreational divers. The approach combines opto-acoustic 3D reconstruction with thematic annotation and portable AR delivery. A high-resolution, georeferenced 3D model of the site is generated by fusing multibeam sonar and underwater photogrammetry data. This model provides the spatial framework for distributing interpretive content through georeferenced Points of Interest (POIs), including descriptive texts, images, and 3D reconstructions. The system architecture includes a smart buoy equipped with USBL and GNSS positioning systems and an underwater mobile device for AR visualization. This setup enables real-time localization and contextual content delivery without the need for permanent infrastructure. The presented UWAR system aims to improve site readability, promote active learning and support sustainable cultural engagement, offering a scalable model for heritage interpretation in underwater environments.
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id doaj-art-31a6cdc0760d40f3a5db60ae0e42465a
institution Kabale University
issn 1682-1750
2194-9034
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Copernicus Publications
record_format Article
series The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
spelling doaj-art-31a6cdc0760d40f3a5db60ae0e42465a2025-08-20T03:50:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences1682-17502194-90342025-07-01XLVIII-2-W10-2025636910.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-63-2025Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage SitesS. Fortuna0A. Lagudi1L. Scarfone2B. Davidde3F. Bruno4L. Barbieri5Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci, 46C, 87036 Rende, CS, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci, 46C, 87036 Rende, CS, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci, 46C, 87036 Rende, CS, ItalyNational Superintendency for Underwater Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture, Via Cugini 7, 74123 Taranto, TA, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci, 46C, 87036 Rende, CS, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci, 46C, 87036 Rende, CS, ItalyUnderwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) sites offer unique opportunities for archaeological exploration and cultural tourism but remain difficult to interpret due to the environmental constraints of the underwater setting. This paper introduces an integrated Underwater Augmented Reality (UWAR) system designed to support real-time, site-specific interpretation for recreational divers. The approach combines opto-acoustic 3D reconstruction with thematic annotation and portable AR delivery. A high-resolution, georeferenced 3D model of the site is generated by fusing multibeam sonar and underwater photogrammetry data. This model provides the spatial framework for distributing interpretive content through georeferenced Points of Interest (POIs), including descriptive texts, images, and 3D reconstructions. The system architecture includes a smart buoy equipped with USBL and GNSS positioning systems and an underwater mobile device for AR visualization. This setup enables real-time localization and contextual content delivery without the need for permanent infrastructure. The presented UWAR system aims to improve site readability, promote active learning and support sustainable cultural engagement, offering a scalable model for heritage interpretation in underwater environments.https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W10-2025/63/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-63-2025.pdf
spellingShingle S. Fortuna
A. Lagudi
L. Scarfone
B. Davidde
F. Bruno
L. Barbieri
Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
title Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites
title_full Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites
title_fullStr Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites
title_full_unstemmed Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites
title_short Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites
title_sort integrating 3d reconstruction and ar for enhancing visitor experience in submerged heritage sites
url https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W10-2025/63/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-63-2025.pdf
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