Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing Balance

<b>Background</b>: Weight-based methods can be cost-effective and practical for measuring spontaneous physical activity (SPA) in laboratory animals, but their adoption and exploration of analyses remain limited. <b>Methods</b>: We demonstrate the construction of a balance usi...

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Main Authors: Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot, Ivan Gustavo Masselli dos Reis, Walter Aparecido Pimentel Monteiro, Maria Clara dos Reis, Vanessa Bertolucci, Fulvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto, Claudio Alexandre Gobatto, Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3290
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author Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
Ivan Gustavo Masselli dos Reis
Walter Aparecido Pimentel Monteiro
Maria Clara dos Reis
Vanessa Bertolucci
Fulvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
author_facet Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
Ivan Gustavo Masselli dos Reis
Walter Aparecido Pimentel Monteiro
Maria Clara dos Reis
Vanessa Bertolucci
Fulvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
author_sort Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Weight-based methods can be cost-effective and practical for measuring spontaneous physical activity (SPA) in laboratory animals, but their adoption and exploration of analyses remain limited. <b>Methods</b>: We demonstrate the construction of a balance using accessible components (iron plates and open-source Arduino<sup>®</sup> electronics) and provide detailed instructions to enable others to build their own systems. Additionally, we propose new analytical strategies, such as using the Mean of Weight Changes (MWC), assessing the dispersion of weight changes, and classifying SPA into domains, to enhance data interpretation. <b>Results:</b> The construction of the weighing balance using accessible components proved to be feasible, and the balance demonstrated sensitivity in distinguishing high SPA under experimental conditions known to modulate it (dark/light phases and small vs. large cages). Regarding the analyses, we were able to confirm that MWC analysis is a valid measure of SPA. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation in weight changes could be used as a complementary analysis to MWC. The proposed SPA domains also proved to be valid, as they aligned with the understanding that rodents spend a greater proportion of time in the higher SPA domains during the dark phase, while lower SPA domains predominate during the light phase. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings reinforce the robustness and validity of our weighing balance, designed using a low-cost setup based on iron plates and open-source Arduino<sup>®</sup> electronics.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-319656b86b1e4f338a0b08323f87489e2025-08-20T02:23:05ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012511329010.3390/s25113290Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing BalancePedro Paulo Menezes Scariot0Ivan Gustavo Masselli dos Reis1Walter Aparecido Pimentel Monteiro2Maria Clara dos Reis3Vanessa Bertolucci4Fulvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto5Claudio Alexandre Gobatto6Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias7Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology—GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, BrazilResearch Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology—GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, BrazilResearch Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology—GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, BrazilResearch Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology—GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, BrazilResearch Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology—GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, (FCA/UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, (FCA/UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, BrazilResearch Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology—GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil<b>Background</b>: Weight-based methods can be cost-effective and practical for measuring spontaneous physical activity (SPA) in laboratory animals, but their adoption and exploration of analyses remain limited. <b>Methods</b>: We demonstrate the construction of a balance using accessible components (iron plates and open-source Arduino<sup>®</sup> electronics) and provide detailed instructions to enable others to build their own systems. Additionally, we propose new analytical strategies, such as using the Mean of Weight Changes (MWC), assessing the dispersion of weight changes, and classifying SPA into domains, to enhance data interpretation. <b>Results:</b> The construction of the weighing balance using accessible components proved to be feasible, and the balance demonstrated sensitivity in distinguishing high SPA under experimental conditions known to modulate it (dark/light phases and small vs. large cages). Regarding the analyses, we were able to confirm that MWC analysis is a valid measure of SPA. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation in weight changes could be used as a complementary analysis to MWC. The proposed SPA domains also proved to be valid, as they aligned with the understanding that rodents spend a greater proportion of time in the higher SPA domains during the dark phase, while lower SPA domains predominate during the light phase. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings reinforce the robustness and validity of our weighing balance, designed using a low-cost setup based on iron plates and open-source Arduino<sup>®</sup> electronics.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3290spontaneous physical activityrodentsload cellweighing balance
spellingShingle Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
Ivan Gustavo Masselli dos Reis
Walter Aparecido Pimentel Monteiro
Maria Clara dos Reis
Vanessa Bertolucci
Fulvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing Balance
Sensors
spontaneous physical activity
rodents
load cell
weighing balance
title Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing Balance
title_full Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing Balance
title_fullStr Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing Balance
title_full_unstemmed Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing Balance
title_short Exploring New Ways to Analyze Data on the Spontaneous Physical Activity of Rodents Through a Weighing Balance
title_sort exploring new ways to analyze data on the spontaneous physical activity of rodents through a weighing balance
topic spontaneous physical activity
rodents
load cell
weighing balance
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3290
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