Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys

Sampling and sequencing marine environmental DNA (eDNA) provides a tool that can increase our ability to monitor biodiversity, but movement and mixing of eDNA after release from organisms before collection could affect our inference of species distributions. To assess how conditions at differing spa...

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Main Authors: Ben Millard-Martin, Kate Sheridan, Evan Morien, Matthew A. Lemay, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Rute B.G. Clemente-Carvalho, Jennifer M. Sunday
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2024-10-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/17967.pdf
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author Ben Millard-Martin
Kate Sheridan
Evan Morien
Matthew A. Lemay
Margot Hessing-Lewis
Rute B.G. Clemente-Carvalho
Jennifer M. Sunday
author_facet Ben Millard-Martin
Kate Sheridan
Evan Morien
Matthew A. Lemay
Margot Hessing-Lewis
Rute B.G. Clemente-Carvalho
Jennifer M. Sunday
author_sort Ben Millard-Martin
collection DOAJ
description Sampling and sequencing marine environmental DNA (eDNA) provides a tool that can increase our ability to monitor biodiversity, but movement and mixing of eDNA after release from organisms before collection could affect our inference of species distributions. To assess how conditions at differing spatial scales influence the inferred species richness and compositional turnover, we conducted a paired eDNA metabarcoding and capture (beach seining) survey of fishes on the coast of British Columbia. We found more taxa were typically detected using eDNA compared to beach seining. eDNA identified more taxa with alternative habitat preferences, and this richness difference was greater in areas of high seawater movement, suggesting eDNA has a larger spatial grain influenced by water motion. By contrast, we found that eDNA consistently missed low biomass species present in seining surveys. Spatial turnover of communities surveyed using beach seining differed from that of the eDNA and was better explained by factors that vary at small (10–1000s meters) spatial scales. Specifically, vegetation cover and shoreline exposure explained most species turnover from seining, while eDNA turnover was not explained by those factors and showed a distance decay pattern (a change from 10% to 25% similarity from 2 km to 10 km of distance), suggesting unmeasured environmental variation at larger scales drives its turnover. Our findings indicate that the eDNA sample grain is larger than that of capture surveys. Whereas seining can detect differences in fish distributions at scales of 10s–100s of meters, eDNA can best summarize fish biodiversity at larger scales possibly more relevant to regional biodiversity assessments.
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spelling doaj-art-316acd35888541cc8dcfacba6aeb71da2025-08-20T02:17:10ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592024-10-0112e1796710.7717/peerj.17967Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveysBen Millard-Martin0Kate Sheridan1Evan Morien2Matthew A. Lemay3Margot Hessing-Lewis4Rute B.G. Clemente-Carvalho5Jennifer M. Sunday6Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biodiversity, Hakai Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Biodiversity, Hakai Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Biodiversity, Hakai Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Biodiversity, Hakai Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaSampling and sequencing marine environmental DNA (eDNA) provides a tool that can increase our ability to monitor biodiversity, but movement and mixing of eDNA after release from organisms before collection could affect our inference of species distributions. To assess how conditions at differing spatial scales influence the inferred species richness and compositional turnover, we conducted a paired eDNA metabarcoding and capture (beach seining) survey of fishes on the coast of British Columbia. We found more taxa were typically detected using eDNA compared to beach seining. eDNA identified more taxa with alternative habitat preferences, and this richness difference was greater in areas of high seawater movement, suggesting eDNA has a larger spatial grain influenced by water motion. By contrast, we found that eDNA consistently missed low biomass species present in seining surveys. Spatial turnover of communities surveyed using beach seining differed from that of the eDNA and was better explained by factors that vary at small (10–1000s meters) spatial scales. Specifically, vegetation cover and shoreline exposure explained most species turnover from seining, while eDNA turnover was not explained by those factors and showed a distance decay pattern (a change from 10% to 25% similarity from 2 km to 10 km of distance), suggesting unmeasured environmental variation at larger scales drives its turnover. Our findings indicate that the eDNA sample grain is larger than that of capture surveys. Whereas seining can detect differences in fish distributions at scales of 10s–100s of meters, eDNA can best summarize fish biodiversity at larger scales possibly more relevant to regional biodiversity assessments.https://peerj.com/articles/17967.pdfeDNA metabarcodingBiodiversityMarineBeach seineFishSpatial scale
spellingShingle Ben Millard-Martin
Kate Sheridan
Evan Morien
Matthew A. Lemay
Margot Hessing-Lewis
Rute B.G. Clemente-Carvalho
Jennifer M. Sunday
Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys
PeerJ
eDNA metabarcoding
Biodiversity
Marine
Beach seine
Fish
Spatial scale
title Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys
title_full Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys
title_fullStr Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys
title_full_unstemmed Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys
title_short Effect of environmental DNA sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys
title_sort effect of environmental dna sampling resolution in detecting nearshore fish biodiversity compared to capture surveys
topic eDNA metabarcoding
Biodiversity
Marine
Beach seine
Fish
Spatial scale
url https://peerj.com/articles/17967.pdf
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