Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field study

Meat consumption negatively impacts ecological sustainability, health, and animal welfare. Research suggested promising effects of re-designing product arrangements so that vegetarian items become the default. However, whether default nudging leads to actual behaviour change in the context of meat c...

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Main Authors: Tamar F. Ardesch, Sandra Klaperski-van der Wal, Sari R. R. Nijssen, Barbara C. N. Müller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1439641/full
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author Tamar F. Ardesch
Sandra Klaperski-van der Wal
Sari R. R. Nijssen
Barbara C. N. Müller
author_facet Tamar F. Ardesch
Sandra Klaperski-van der Wal
Sari R. R. Nijssen
Barbara C. N. Müller
author_sort Tamar F. Ardesch
collection DOAJ
description Meat consumption negatively impacts ecological sustainability, health, and animal welfare. Research suggested promising effects of re-designing product arrangements so that vegetarian items become the default. However, whether default nudging leads to actual behaviour change in the context of meat consumption, and whether these effects are sustainable on the long-term remains unknown. Therefore, this field experiment investigated (a) the effect of vegetarian default nudging on food choices in a real-life setting, and (b) potential long-term associations between vegetarian defaults, food choices, and psychological resistance (i.e., reactance and inertia). A vegetarian default intervention was applied in a university cafeteria. Behavioural data (cafeteria sales data regarding meat and vegetarian purchases; N = 4,099) was collected before (T0; baseline), right after implementation (T1), and 10 weeks after implementation of the intervention (T2). Additionally, survey data was collected at T1 and T2 to assess potential psychological side-effects, such as resistance to the intervention. Results indicate that vegetarian default nudging was highly effective at changing food choices, with more than twice the number of vegetarian items sold relative to baseline. Moreover, in the default nudging condition, the number of meat items decreased to less than a third of the baseline measurement. At the same time, the survey data revealed no psychological side-effect of the intervention on reactance or inertia. This was stable over time. Our research offers empirical support for the effectiveness of a non-coercive strategy to change consumer behaviour towards more sustainable, animal friendly, and healthier food choices.
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spelling doaj-art-3168a5d2f9ea4fb782f3cfcafe092b902025-08-20T03:51:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-04-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.14396411439641Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field studyTamar F. Ardesch0Sandra Klaperski-van der Wal1Sari R. R. Nijssen2Barbara C. N. Müller3Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NetherlandsBehavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Emotion, Cognition, and Methods in Psychology, Urban and Environmental Psychology Group, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaBehavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NetherlandsMeat consumption negatively impacts ecological sustainability, health, and animal welfare. Research suggested promising effects of re-designing product arrangements so that vegetarian items become the default. However, whether default nudging leads to actual behaviour change in the context of meat consumption, and whether these effects are sustainable on the long-term remains unknown. Therefore, this field experiment investigated (a) the effect of vegetarian default nudging on food choices in a real-life setting, and (b) potential long-term associations between vegetarian defaults, food choices, and psychological resistance (i.e., reactance and inertia). A vegetarian default intervention was applied in a university cafeteria. Behavioural data (cafeteria sales data regarding meat and vegetarian purchases; N = 4,099) was collected before (T0; baseline), right after implementation (T1), and 10 weeks after implementation of the intervention (T2). Additionally, survey data was collected at T1 and T2 to assess potential psychological side-effects, such as resistance to the intervention. Results indicate that vegetarian default nudging was highly effective at changing food choices, with more than twice the number of vegetarian items sold relative to baseline. Moreover, in the default nudging condition, the number of meat items decreased to less than a third of the baseline measurement. At the same time, the survey data revealed no psychological side-effect of the intervention on reactance or inertia. This was stable over time. Our research offers empirical support for the effectiveness of a non-coercive strategy to change consumer behaviour towards more sustainable, animal friendly, and healthier food choices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1439641/fulldefault nudgingintervention researchmeat consumptionenvironmental impactbehaviour change
spellingShingle Tamar F. Ardesch
Sandra Klaperski-van der Wal
Sari R. R. Nijssen
Barbara C. N. Müller
Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field study
Frontiers in Psychology
default nudging
intervention research
meat consumption
environmental impact
behaviour change
title Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field study
title_full Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field study
title_fullStr Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field study
title_full_unstemmed Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field study
title_short Reducing meat consumption through default nudging: a field study
title_sort reducing meat consumption through default nudging a field study
topic default nudging
intervention research
meat consumption
environmental impact
behaviour change
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1439641/full
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