Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics

BackgroundDue to differences in drug efficacy, the risk of adverse reactions, and individual differences between patients, clinicians face significant challenges in terms of selecting drugs for the treatment of depression. However, no previous studies have compared the efficacy of antidepressant tre...

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Main Authors: Jie Tong, Jie Yuan, Yu Qin, Na Zhu, Tingting Zhang, Xiaochun Zhu, Yuanyuan Xu, Meilin Liu, Jie Zhang, Xirong Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1626654/full
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author Jie Tong
Jie Yuan
Yu Qin
Na Zhu
Tingting Zhang
Xiaochun Zhu
Yuanyuan Xu
Meilin Liu
Jie Zhang
Xirong Sun
author_facet Jie Tong
Jie Yuan
Yu Qin
Na Zhu
Tingting Zhang
Xiaochun Zhu
Yuanyuan Xu
Meilin Liu
Jie Zhang
Xirong Sun
author_sort Jie Tong
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundDue to differences in drug efficacy, the risk of adverse reactions, and individual differences between patients, clinicians face significant challenges in terms of selecting drugs for the treatment of depression. However, no previous studies have compared the efficacy of antidepressant treatments between psychiatrists with different levels of experience based on pharmacogenomics approach.MethodsA total of 178 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to pharmacogenomics-guided treatment group or regular treatment control group. The control group was further divided into the senior doctor and the nonsenior doctor subgroups. All participants completed pharmacogenomic assessments at baseline. They also completed the 17-items Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D17), Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D), and Antidepressant Side Effect Checklist (ASEC) at baseline and at 4-week, 8-week, 16-week, and 32-week follow-ups. The study protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05669391).ResultsCompared with the control group, pharmacogenomics-guided group presented significant differences in DARS and ASEC scores at 32 weeks (PBonferroni< 0.05), with significant time and group effect (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in HAM-D17 and PDQ-D scores between the two groups at 32 weeks (PBonferroni> 0.05). The number of antidepressant changes at 32 weeks in the nonsenior doctor subgroup was significantly higher than that in the senior doctor subgroup (1.04 vs. 0.31, P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the number of combined antidepressants, the number of patients who used somnifacients, HAM-D17 scores, DARS scores, PDQ-D scores, and ASEC scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). The number of antidepressant changes and HAM-D17 scores are 32-week were negatively correlated with the doctor’s years of work experience (r = −0.25, P = 0.012; r = −0.29, P = 0.004; respectively).ConclusionPharmacogenomics-guided treatment can effectively mitigate the occurrence of anhedonia and side effects in patients with first-episode depression. Higher level of clinical experience among psychiatrists can lead to significant reduction in the frequency of antidepressant drug changes, and the depressive symptoms at the endpoint are negatively correlated with the clinicians’ work experience. Pharmacogenomics may reduce the influence of clinical experience on treatment outcomes in primary mental healthcare settings.
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spelling doaj-art-315dda36309a45e3b404e3cea09de92c2025-08-20T03:40:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-08-011610.3389/fphar.2025.16266541626654Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomicsJie TongJie YuanYu QinNa ZhuTingting ZhangXiaochun ZhuYuanyuan XuMeilin LiuJie ZhangXirong SunBackgroundDue to differences in drug efficacy, the risk of adverse reactions, and individual differences between patients, clinicians face significant challenges in terms of selecting drugs for the treatment of depression. However, no previous studies have compared the efficacy of antidepressant treatments between psychiatrists with different levels of experience based on pharmacogenomics approach.MethodsA total of 178 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to pharmacogenomics-guided treatment group or regular treatment control group. The control group was further divided into the senior doctor and the nonsenior doctor subgroups. All participants completed pharmacogenomic assessments at baseline. They also completed the 17-items Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D17), Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D), and Antidepressant Side Effect Checklist (ASEC) at baseline and at 4-week, 8-week, 16-week, and 32-week follow-ups. The study protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05669391).ResultsCompared with the control group, pharmacogenomics-guided group presented significant differences in DARS and ASEC scores at 32 weeks (PBonferroni< 0.05), with significant time and group effect (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in HAM-D17 and PDQ-D scores between the two groups at 32 weeks (PBonferroni> 0.05). The number of antidepressant changes at 32 weeks in the nonsenior doctor subgroup was significantly higher than that in the senior doctor subgroup (1.04 vs. 0.31, P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the number of combined antidepressants, the number of patients who used somnifacients, HAM-D17 scores, DARS scores, PDQ-D scores, and ASEC scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). The number of antidepressant changes and HAM-D17 scores are 32-week were negatively correlated with the doctor’s years of work experience (r = −0.25, P = 0.012; r = −0.29, P = 0.004; respectively).ConclusionPharmacogenomics-guided treatment can effectively mitigate the occurrence of anhedonia and side effects in patients with first-episode depression. Higher level of clinical experience among psychiatrists can lead to significant reduction in the frequency of antidepressant drug changes, and the depressive symptoms at the endpoint are negatively correlated with the clinicians’ work experience. Pharmacogenomics may reduce the influence of clinical experience on treatment outcomes in primary mental healthcare settings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1626654/fullpsychiatristfirst-episode depressiondepressionFEDpharmacogenomicsPGx
spellingShingle Jie Tong
Jie Yuan
Yu Qin
Na Zhu
Tingting Zhang
Xiaochun Zhu
Yuanyuan Xu
Meilin Liu
Jie Zhang
Xirong Sun
Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics
Frontiers in Pharmacology
psychiatrist
first-episode depression
depression
FED
pharmacogenomics
PGx
title Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics
title_full Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics
title_fullStr Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics
title_full_unstemmed Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics
title_short Clinicians’ experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode depression: a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics
title_sort clinicians experience on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in patients with first episode depression a randomized controlled trial based on pharmacogenomics
topic psychiatrist
first-episode depression
depression
FED
pharmacogenomics
PGx
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1626654/full
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