Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system
Nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded on biochar (nZVI@BC) has been proven to be effective in activating persulfate to remediate soil organic pollutants. However, studies on subsequent plant growth and microbial community changes in remediated soil remain limited. In this study, nZVI@BC, nZVI, and nanos...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| author | Lianzhou Shen Yue Cai Juan Gao |
| author_facet | Lianzhou Shen Yue Cai Juan Gao |
| author_sort | Lianzhou Shen |
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| description | Nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded on biochar (nZVI@BC) has been proven to be effective in activating persulfate to remediate soil organic pollutants. However, studies on subsequent plant growth and microbial community changes in remediated soil remain limited. In this study, nZVI@BC, nZVI, and nanoscale biochar (nBC) were ball-mill produced and applied as amendments in pot experiments with PAH-contaminated soil to investigate their impacts on soil-crop (radish, Raphanus sativus L.) systems, and the widely distributed phenanthrene (Phe) was selected as model pollutant. The results indicate that nZVI@BC could induce more (75%) Phe accumulation in radish compared to the control treatment, but did not result in significant differences in plant biomass or enzyme activity. In Phe non-contaminated treatments, the Fe content of radish shoots increased from 86.87 ± 5.61 mg/kg DW without material application to 125.20 ± 11.93 mg/kg DW with nZVI@BC, while no significant differences were observed in roots. nZVI@BC and nBC increased the non-desorbed fraction of PAHs with low bio-availability by 13.6% and 10.2%, respectively, after 45 days compared to the control treatment. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that nZVI@BC did not adversely affect the richness and diversity of soil microbial communities. Instead, it promoted the enrichment of bacteria related to the degradation of organic pollutants, such as Lysobacter and Spingomonas. The findings suggest that nZVI@BC after chemical oxidation remediation might be harmful to subsequent plants and ecosystems but much better than nZVI alone. The amount of nZVI@BC should be accurately calculated before chemical oxidation remediation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-314f3ccf1e80486fbfeac4cbe263afc7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Eco-Environment & Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-314f3ccf1e80486fbfeac4cbe263afc72025-08-20T02:43:36ZengElsevierEco-Environment & Health2772-98502025-03-014110013410.1016/j.eehl.2025.100134Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) systemLianzhou Shen0Yue Cai1Juan Gao2Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing College, Nanjing 211135, ChinaInstitute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, ChinaInstitute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing College, Nanjing 211135, China; Corresponding author.Nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded on biochar (nZVI@BC) has been proven to be effective in activating persulfate to remediate soil organic pollutants. However, studies on subsequent plant growth and microbial community changes in remediated soil remain limited. In this study, nZVI@BC, nZVI, and nanoscale biochar (nBC) were ball-mill produced and applied as amendments in pot experiments with PAH-contaminated soil to investigate their impacts on soil-crop (radish, Raphanus sativus L.) systems, and the widely distributed phenanthrene (Phe) was selected as model pollutant. The results indicate that nZVI@BC could induce more (75%) Phe accumulation in radish compared to the control treatment, but did not result in significant differences in plant biomass or enzyme activity. In Phe non-contaminated treatments, the Fe content of radish shoots increased from 86.87 ± 5.61 mg/kg DW without material application to 125.20 ± 11.93 mg/kg DW with nZVI@BC, while no significant differences were observed in roots. nZVI@BC and nBC increased the non-desorbed fraction of PAHs with low bio-availability by 13.6% and 10.2%, respectively, after 45 days compared to the control treatment. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that nZVI@BC did not adversely affect the richness and diversity of soil microbial communities. Instead, it promoted the enrichment of bacteria related to the degradation of organic pollutants, such as Lysobacter and Spingomonas. The findings suggest that nZVI@BC after chemical oxidation remediation might be harmful to subsequent plants and ecosystems but much better than nZVI alone. The amount of nZVI@BC should be accurately calculated before chemical oxidation remediation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985025000031BioaccumulationEnvironmental effectsMicrobial communityNanomaterialOxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Lianzhou Shen Yue Cai Juan Gao Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system Eco-Environment & Health Bioaccumulation Environmental effects Microbial community Nanomaterial Oxidative stress |
| title | Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system |
| title_full | Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system |
| title_fullStr | Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system |
| title_short | Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system |
| title_sort | effects of nanoscale zero valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil radish raphanus sativus l var radculus pers system |
| topic | Bioaccumulation Environmental effects Microbial community Nanomaterial Oxidative stress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985025000031 |
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