Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers

High-conductivity sliding electrical contact with low friction plays a significant role in the long life and high reliability of electromechanical systems. Reducing friction needs weak interfacial electronic coupling; in contrast, enhancing conductivity requires strong coupling; thus it is a serious...

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Main Authors: Yanmin Liu, Dong Wang, Ke Zhang, Haijun Wu, Guoqing Yu, Qiang Zhang, Yuanzi Zhou, Tianbao Ma, Aisheng Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tsinghua University Press 2025-07-01
Series:Friction
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FRICT.2025.9440989
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author Yanmin Liu
Dong Wang
Ke Zhang
Haijun Wu
Guoqing Yu
Qiang Zhang
Yuanzi Zhou
Tianbao Ma
Aisheng Song
author_facet Yanmin Liu
Dong Wang
Ke Zhang
Haijun Wu
Guoqing Yu
Qiang Zhang
Yuanzi Zhou
Tianbao Ma
Aisheng Song
author_sort Yanmin Liu
collection DOAJ
description High-conductivity sliding electrical contact with low friction plays a significant role in the long life and high reliability of electromechanical systems. Reducing friction needs weak interfacial electronic coupling; in contrast, enhancing conductivity requires strong coupling; thus it is a serious challenge to achieve high conductivity with low friction. Here, using our self-developed thermally assisted mechanical exfoliation and transfer (TAMET) method, we experimentally achieved superlubricating electrical contact by establishing a sliding electrical system between graphite layers (Gr); the friction coefficient was as low as 0.0004, and the electric current density was as high as 510 A/cm2. Compared with the commercial Ir atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip–Gr contact, the friction force of incommensurate graphene layer friction is an order of magnitude lower, yet it has a similar high electrical conductivity. On the basis of the electronic property fluctuation (EPF) model and first principles calculations, we revealed that the sliding energy barrier remains almost unchanged under an applied current because of the negligible electron transfer variation during the sliding process. We offer a method for achieving superlubricating electrical contact with high conductivity and low friction, shedding light on improving the service life and reliability of sliding electrical contacts in a wide range of electromechanical systems.
format Article
id doaj-art-3148ed2fb38844cd93a253c9ba35683f
institution Kabale University
issn 2223-7690
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language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Tsinghua University Press
record_format Article
series Friction
spelling doaj-art-3148ed2fb38844cd93a253c9ba35683f2025-08-20T03:27:15ZengTsinghua University PressFriction2223-76902223-77042025-07-01137944098910.26599/FRICT.2025.9440989Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layersYanmin Liu0Dong Wang1Ke Zhang2Haijun Wu3Guoqing Yu4Qiang Zhang5Yuanzi Zhou6Tianbao Ma7Aisheng Song8Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100094, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaBeijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100094, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaBeijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100094, ChinaBeijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100094, ChinaBeijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100094, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaHigh-conductivity sliding electrical contact with low friction plays a significant role in the long life and high reliability of electromechanical systems. Reducing friction needs weak interfacial electronic coupling; in contrast, enhancing conductivity requires strong coupling; thus it is a serious challenge to achieve high conductivity with low friction. Here, using our self-developed thermally assisted mechanical exfoliation and transfer (TAMET) method, we experimentally achieved superlubricating electrical contact by establishing a sliding electrical system between graphite layers (Gr); the friction coefficient was as low as 0.0004, and the electric current density was as high as 510 A/cm2. Compared with the commercial Ir atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip–Gr contact, the friction force of incommensurate graphene layer friction is an order of magnitude lower, yet it has a similar high electrical conductivity. On the basis of the electronic property fluctuation (EPF) model and first principles calculations, we revealed that the sliding energy barrier remains almost unchanged under an applied current because of the negligible electron transfer variation during the sliding process. We offer a method for achieving superlubricating electrical contact with high conductivity and low friction, shedding light on improving the service life and reliability of sliding electrical contacts in a wide range of electromechanical systems.https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FRICT.2025.9440989superlubricityelectrical contactcurrent-carrying frictiongraphite
spellingShingle Yanmin Liu
Dong Wang
Ke Zhang
Haijun Wu
Guoqing Yu
Qiang Zhang
Yuanzi Zhou
Tianbao Ma
Aisheng Song
Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers
Friction
superlubricity
electrical contact
current-carrying friction
graphite
title Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers
title_full Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers
title_fullStr Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers
title_full_unstemmed Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers
title_short Superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers
title_sort superlubricating electrical contact between graphite layers
topic superlubricity
electrical contact
current-carrying friction
graphite
url https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FRICT.2025.9440989
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AT haijunwu superlubricatingelectricalcontactbetweengraphitelayers
AT guoqingyu superlubricatingelectricalcontactbetweengraphitelayers
AT qiangzhang superlubricatingelectricalcontactbetweengraphitelayers
AT yuanzizhou superlubricatingelectricalcontactbetweengraphitelayers
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