Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?

What populism and polarization have in common is that their relationship with democracy is an ambiguous one. Studies have found that certain degrees of polarization can be helpful for citizens to make up their minds about their choices and because of that encourage them to democratic participation....

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Main Author: Marco Fölsch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cogitatio 2024-10-01
Series:Politics and Governance
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Online Access:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/8590
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author Marco Fölsch
author_facet Marco Fölsch
author_sort Marco Fölsch
collection DOAJ
description What populism and polarization have in common is that their relationship with democracy is an ambiguous one. Studies have found that certain degrees of polarization can be helpful for citizens to make up their minds about their choices and because of that encourage them to democratic participation. Similarly, populism can help increase participation by, for example, presenting policies in a simpler language. Citizens with less political interest and political knowledge might be incited to participate in elections and democratic politics in general. However, high levels of polarization lead to the irreconcilability of factions and thereby to gridlock. Democracy can be regarded as incapable of solving citizens’ problems. Likewise, populism can be destructive to democracy when occurring in certain forms and degrees. While populism is not per se antidemocratic, populist parties and leaders, when in power, repeatedly challenge democratic elements. To disentangle how polarization and populism affect democracy, I focus on certain specifics of these three concepts (democracy, populism, and polarization). Namely, I analyze how affective polarization and individual-level populism affect the support for the direct democratic instrument of holding referendums. Drawing on survey data from Austria and Germany, I find that being affectively polarized has a positive effect on the support for holding referendums. However, this effect is moderated by citizens’ individual-level populism. Thus, this study provides insights into citizens’ preferences for democratic decision-making, dependent on their levels of affective polarization and populism.
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spelling doaj-art-313d481610f64d64a89bb9113bf421232025-08-20T02:17:58ZengCogitatioPolitics and Governance2183-24632024-10-0112010.17645/pag.85903793Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?Marco Fölsch0Department of Political Science, University of Salzburg, AustriaWhat populism and polarization have in common is that their relationship with democracy is an ambiguous one. Studies have found that certain degrees of polarization can be helpful for citizens to make up their minds about their choices and because of that encourage them to democratic participation. Similarly, populism can help increase participation by, for example, presenting policies in a simpler language. Citizens with less political interest and political knowledge might be incited to participate in elections and democratic politics in general. However, high levels of polarization lead to the irreconcilability of factions and thereby to gridlock. Democracy can be regarded as incapable of solving citizens’ problems. Likewise, populism can be destructive to democracy when occurring in certain forms and degrees. While populism is not per se antidemocratic, populist parties and leaders, when in power, repeatedly challenge democratic elements. To disentangle how polarization and populism affect democracy, I focus on certain specifics of these three concepts (democracy, populism, and polarization). Namely, I analyze how affective polarization and individual-level populism affect the support for the direct democratic instrument of holding referendums. Drawing on survey data from Austria and Germany, I find that being affectively polarized has a positive effect on the support for holding referendums. However, this effect is moderated by citizens’ individual-level populism. Thus, this study provides insights into citizens’ preferences for democratic decision-making, dependent on their levels of affective polarization and populism.https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/8590affective polarizationdemocracypopulismreferendums
spellingShingle Marco Fölsch
Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?
Politics and Governance
affective polarization
democracy
populism
referendums
title Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?
title_full Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?
title_fullStr Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?
title_full_unstemmed Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?
title_short Do Affective Polarization and Populism Affect the Support for Holding Referendums?
title_sort do affective polarization and populism affect the support for holding referendums
topic affective polarization
democracy
populism
referendums
url https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/8590
work_keys_str_mv AT marcofolsch doaffectivepolarizationandpopulismaffectthesupportforholdingreferendums