Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon Sources
A 56-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of rice straw (RS) and bamboo flour (BF) on growth performance, water quality, gill histology, and the bacterial community of water and the intestine of mandarin fish (<i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>) in biofloc technology systems. The results...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Huiling Zhang Zhaojie Deng Shijun Chen Xi Xiong Wenhui Zeng Fang Chen Huanjiao Tan Xuran Chen Canmin Yang Yuhui He Dizhi Xie Lian Gan |
| author_facet | Huiling Zhang Zhaojie Deng Shijun Chen Xi Xiong Wenhui Zeng Fang Chen Huanjiao Tan Xuran Chen Canmin Yang Yuhui He Dizhi Xie Lian Gan |
| author_sort | Huiling Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 56-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of rice straw (RS) and bamboo flour (BF) on growth performance, water quality, gill histology, and the bacterial community of water and the intestine of mandarin fish (<i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>) in biofloc technology systems. The results showed that mandarin fish in the RS and BF groups had comparable survival rates of 100.00 ± 0.00 and 93.33 ± 3.85%; feed conversion ratios of 1.13 ± 0.02 and 1.40 ± 0.15; and weight gain rates of 112.21 ± 1.56 and 100.92 ± 6.45%, respectively. From days 11 to 56 of the farming period, the BF group was more effective than the RS group in removing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, maintaining TAN levels below 0.24 ± 0.05 mg/L. During the early stage of the experiment, the TAN level in the RS group was higher; however, with the supplementation of a carbon source, it gradually decreased and eventually stabilized at 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/L later in the farming period. The secondary gill lamella in the RS group was curved and showed hyperplasia, and the basal gill lamellae showed an increase in the volume of interlamellar cell mass in the BF group. Genes related to denitrification (narG, napA, nirS, nirK, and nosZ) and anammox showed higher expression levels in the BF group than in the RS group, although the differences were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The results of 16S rRNA sequencing research showed that both treatment groups’ intestinal and water bacterial communities had comparable levels of richness and diversity. <i>Pseudomonas mosselii</i> was the dominant bacterial species in the water. In the BF group, the dominant intestinal species were <i>Bacillus halodurans</i> and <i>Caldalkalibacillus thermarum</i>, while in the RS group, the dominant species was <i>Plesiomonas shigelloides</i>. In conclusion, rice straw and bamboo flour are applicable in BFT systems for mandarin fish culture, with good growth performance and water quality. The BF group showed higher nitrogen removal efficiency and denitrification gene expression than the RS group. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-310596ca63684f5098544ae0c7738872 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-310596ca63684f5098544ae0c77388722025-08-20T03:56:46ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-07-01137163110.3390/microorganisms13071631Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon SourcesHuiling Zhang0Zhaojie Deng1Shijun Chen2Xi Xiong3Wenhui Zeng4Fang Chen5Huanjiao Tan6Xuran Chen7Canmin Yang8Yuhui He9Dizhi Xie10Lian Gan11College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaA 56-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of rice straw (RS) and bamboo flour (BF) on growth performance, water quality, gill histology, and the bacterial community of water and the intestine of mandarin fish (<i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>) in biofloc technology systems. The results showed that mandarin fish in the RS and BF groups had comparable survival rates of 100.00 ± 0.00 and 93.33 ± 3.85%; feed conversion ratios of 1.13 ± 0.02 and 1.40 ± 0.15; and weight gain rates of 112.21 ± 1.56 and 100.92 ± 6.45%, respectively. From days 11 to 56 of the farming period, the BF group was more effective than the RS group in removing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, maintaining TAN levels below 0.24 ± 0.05 mg/L. During the early stage of the experiment, the TAN level in the RS group was higher; however, with the supplementation of a carbon source, it gradually decreased and eventually stabilized at 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/L later in the farming period. The secondary gill lamella in the RS group was curved and showed hyperplasia, and the basal gill lamellae showed an increase in the volume of interlamellar cell mass in the BF group. Genes related to denitrification (narG, napA, nirS, nirK, and nosZ) and anammox showed higher expression levels in the BF group than in the RS group, although the differences were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The results of 16S rRNA sequencing research showed that both treatment groups’ intestinal and water bacterial communities had comparable levels of richness and diversity. <i>Pseudomonas mosselii</i> was the dominant bacterial species in the water. In the BF group, the dominant intestinal species were <i>Bacillus halodurans</i> and <i>Caldalkalibacillus thermarum</i>, while in the RS group, the dominant species was <i>Plesiomonas shigelloides</i>. In conclusion, rice straw and bamboo flour are applicable in BFT systems for mandarin fish culture, with good growth performance and water quality. The BF group showed higher nitrogen removal efficiency and denitrification gene expression than the RS group.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1631<i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>rice strawbamboo flourwater qualitybacterial community |
| spellingShingle | Huiling Zhang Zhaojie Deng Shijun Chen Xi Xiong Wenhui Zeng Fang Chen Huanjiao Tan Xuran Chen Canmin Yang Yuhui He Dizhi Xie Lian Gan Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon Sources Microorganisms <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> rice straw bamboo flour water quality bacterial community |
| title | Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon Sources |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon Sources |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon Sources |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon Sources |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Application Effects of <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> in Biofloc Systems: A Comparative Study on the Use of Bamboo Flour and Rice Straw as Carbon Sources |
| title_sort | evaluation of the application effects of i siniperca chuatsi i in biofloc systems a comparative study on the use of bamboo flour and rice straw as carbon sources |
| topic | <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i> rice straw bamboo flour water quality bacterial community |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1631 |
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