Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
The accurate modeling of complex freeze–thaw processes and hydrothermal dynamics within the active layer is challenging. Due to the uncertainty in hydrothermal simulation, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate the parameterization schemes in land surface models. The Noah-MP was utilized in this...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Yongliang Jiao Ren Li Tonghua Wu Xiaodong Wu Shenning Wang Jimin Yao Guojie Hu Xiaofan Zhu Jianzong Shi Yao Xiao Erji Du Yongping Qiao |
| author_facet | Yongliang Jiao Ren Li Tonghua Wu Xiaodong Wu Shenning Wang Jimin Yao Guojie Hu Xiaofan Zhu Jianzong Shi Yao Xiao Erji Du Yongping Qiao |
| author_sort | Yongliang Jiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The accurate modeling of complex freeze–thaw processes and hydrothermal dynamics within the active layer is challenging. Due to the uncertainty in hydrothermal simulation, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate the parameterization schemes in land surface models. The Noah-MP was utilized in this study to conduct 23,040 ensemble experiments based on 11 physical processes, which were aimed at improving the understanding of parameterization schemes and reducing model uncertainty. Next, the impacts of uncertainty of physical processes on land surface modeling were evaluated via Natural Selection and Tukey’s test. Finally, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to identify the optimal combination of parameterization schemes for improving hydrothermal simulation. The results of Tukey’s test agreed well with those of Natural Selection for most soil layers. More importantly, Tukey’s test identified more parameterization schemes with consistent model performance for both soil temperature and moisture. Results from TOPSIS showed that the determination of optimal schemes was consistent for the simulation of soil temperature and moisture in each physical process except for frozen soil permeability (INF). Further analysis showed that scheme 2 of INF yielded better simulation results than scheme 1. The improvement of the optimal scheme combination during the frozen period was more significant than that during the thawed period. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-30ffeacb195d446db7c9b1f6825a92d12025-08-20T02:04:01ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-01-0114224710.3390/land14020247Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet PlateauYongliang Jiao0Ren Li1Tonghua Wu2Xiaodong Wu3Shenning Wang4Jimin Yao5Guojie Hu6Xiaofan Zhu7Jianzong Shi8Yao Xiao9Erji Du10Yongping Qiao11Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaThe accurate modeling of complex freeze–thaw processes and hydrothermal dynamics within the active layer is challenging. Due to the uncertainty in hydrothermal simulation, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate the parameterization schemes in land surface models. The Noah-MP was utilized in this study to conduct 23,040 ensemble experiments based on 11 physical processes, which were aimed at improving the understanding of parameterization schemes and reducing model uncertainty. Next, the impacts of uncertainty of physical processes on land surface modeling were evaluated via Natural Selection and Tukey’s test. Finally, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to identify the optimal combination of parameterization schemes for improving hydrothermal simulation. The results of Tukey’s test agreed well with those of Natural Selection for most soil layers. More importantly, Tukey’s test identified more parameterization schemes with consistent model performance for both soil temperature and moisture. Results from TOPSIS showed that the determination of optimal schemes was consistent for the simulation of soil temperature and moisture in each physical process except for frozen soil permeability (INF). Further analysis showed that scheme 2 of INF yielded better simulation results than scheme 1. The improvement of the optimal scheme combination during the frozen period was more significant than that during the thawed period.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/247Qinghai–Tibet plateauactive layerhydrothermal processesNoah-MPparameterization schemessensitivity analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yongliang Jiao Ren Li Tonghua Wu Xiaodong Wu Shenning Wang Jimin Yao Guojie Hu Xiaofan Zhu Jianzong Shi Yao Xiao Erji Du Yongping Qiao Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Land Qinghai–Tibet plateau active layer hydrothermal processes Noah-MP parameterization schemes sensitivity analysis |
| title | Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_full | Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_fullStr | Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_short | Physical Parameterization Sensitivity of Noah-MP for Hydrothermal Simulation Within the Active Layer on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_sort | physical parameterization sensitivity of noah mp for hydrothermal simulation within the active layer on the qinghai tibet plateau |
| topic | Qinghai–Tibet plateau active layer hydrothermal processes Noah-MP parameterization schemes sensitivity analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/247 |
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