Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China Area

Outbreaks of locust plagues are becoming increasingly frequent against the backdrop of climate change. Locust outbreaks in the Caucasus and Central Asia, especially in Kazakhstan, pose continuous threats to neighboring countries, including China, Kyrgyzstan, and more. However, locust outbreak foreca...

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Main Authors: Shiqian Feng, Xiao Chang, Jianguo Wu, Yun Li, Zehua Zhang, Li Zhao, Xiongbing Tu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1514
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author Shiqian Feng
Xiao Chang
Jianguo Wu
Yun Li
Zehua Zhang
Li Zhao
Xiongbing Tu
author_facet Shiqian Feng
Xiao Chang
Jianguo Wu
Yun Li
Zehua Zhang
Li Zhao
Xiongbing Tu
author_sort Shiqian Feng
collection DOAJ
description Outbreaks of locust plagues are becoming increasingly frequent against the backdrop of climate change. Locust outbreaks in the Caucasus and Central Asia, especially in Kazakhstan, pose continuous threats to neighboring countries, including China, Kyrgyzstan, and more. However, locust outbreak forecasts and migration movement are yet to be studied in this area. In our study, we collected water level data in major lakes and water bodies, as well as annual average precipitation in the past 15 years in Kazakhstan, to analyze their contributions to locust outbreaks. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between overall lake water level and the following year’s locust outbreak area in Kazakhstan. Considering that the overall lake water levels in 2023 and 2024 reached a quite low level historically, we predicted heavy locust outbreaks in 2025. Furthermore, through wind field analysis and wind-born trajectory modeling, we identified two migration routes of locusts from Kazakhstan into Xinjiang, China, riding the northwest wind, with lakes near the Sino-Kazakhstan border as the main sources. Overall, our study identified high locust outbreak challenges in Kazakhstan in recent years and determined two wind-supported migration routes of locusts invading China, which are significant for guiding monitoring and prevention efforts in the Sino-Kazakhstan border area.
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issn 2073-4395
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series Agronomy
spelling doaj-art-30f36acfc4e54914a7e4ab377a0469072025-08-20T03:13:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-06-01157151410.3390/agronomy15071514Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China AreaShiqian Feng0Xiao Chang1Jianguo Wu2Yun Li3Zehua Zhang4Li Zhao5Xiongbing Tu6State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Locust and Rodent Pest Forecasting and Control Center Station, Urumqi 830000, ChinaCentral Station for Forecasting and Controlling Locusts and Rats in Altay Region, Aletai 836500, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaOutbreaks of locust plagues are becoming increasingly frequent against the backdrop of climate change. Locust outbreaks in the Caucasus and Central Asia, especially in Kazakhstan, pose continuous threats to neighboring countries, including China, Kyrgyzstan, and more. However, locust outbreak forecasts and migration movement are yet to be studied in this area. In our study, we collected water level data in major lakes and water bodies, as well as annual average precipitation in the past 15 years in Kazakhstan, to analyze their contributions to locust outbreaks. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between overall lake water level and the following year’s locust outbreak area in Kazakhstan. Considering that the overall lake water levels in 2023 and 2024 reached a quite low level historically, we predicted heavy locust outbreaks in 2025. Furthermore, through wind field analysis and wind-born trajectory modeling, we identified two migration routes of locusts from Kazakhstan into Xinjiang, China, riding the northwest wind, with lakes near the Sino-Kazakhstan border as the main sources. Overall, our study identified high locust outbreak challenges in Kazakhstan in recent years and determined two wind-supported migration routes of locusts invading China, which are significant for guiding monitoring and prevention efforts in the Sino-Kazakhstan border area.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1514locustKazakhstan–China borderlake water levelwindmigration
spellingShingle Shiqian Feng
Xiao Chang
Jianguo Wu
Yun Li
Zehua Zhang
Li Zhao
Xiongbing Tu
Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China Area
Agronomy
locust
Kazakhstan–China border
lake water level
wind
migration
title Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China Area
title_full Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China Area
title_fullStr Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China Area
title_full_unstemmed Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China Area
title_short Declining Lake Water Levels and Suitable Wind Conditions Promote Locust Outbreaks and Migration in the Kazakhstan–China Area
title_sort declining lake water levels and suitable wind conditions promote locust outbreaks and migration in the kazakhstan china area
topic locust
Kazakhstan–China border
lake water level
wind
migration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1514
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