Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments

Abstract Flowpaths of water through catchments influence water quality and flow regimes of streams. Depths of dominant flowpaths respond to variation in climate and catchment characteristics, such as topography, vegetation, and soil type. In high‐latitude regions, the depth and spatial extent of per...

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Main Authors: Karen L. Jorgenson, Thomas A. Douglas, M. Torre Jorgenson, Neal J. Pastick, Tamara K. Harms
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039024
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author Karen L. Jorgenson
Thomas A. Douglas
M. Torre Jorgenson
Neal J. Pastick
Tamara K. Harms
author_facet Karen L. Jorgenson
Thomas A. Douglas
M. Torre Jorgenson
Neal J. Pastick
Tamara K. Harms
author_sort Karen L. Jorgenson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Flowpaths of water through catchments influence water quality and flow regimes of streams. Depths of dominant flowpaths respond to variation in climate and catchment characteristics, such as topography, vegetation, and soil type. In high‐latitude regions, the depth and spatial extent of permafrost influences catchment hydrology, and thawing permafrost might change sources and pathways of water supplying solutes and flow to streams. We estimated contributions of precipitation, soil water, and groundwater flowpaths to streams during the open‐water period after snowmelt by applying a Bayesian mixing model to 4–6 years of observed solute concentrations in five catchments of boreal Alaska. The relative contribution of groundwater to streams varied from 12% to 82% across catchments and years and declined as spatial extent of permafrost increased from 25% to 58% across catchments, indicating potential for increased infiltration and drainage as permafrost thaws. Temporal patterns in precipitation also influenced flowpaths. The mean annual contribution of precipitation to streamflow increased in years with more rain. Groundwater contribution increased, on average, in years with few large storms, suggesting deepening flows due to seasonal ground thaw or loss of shallow water to evapotranspiration. In contrast, groundwater contributed less in years when large storms delivered most of the year's rain in late summer or autumn. Overall, spatial and temporal variation in relative flowpath contributions to streams suggest that permafrost thaw will deepen flowpaths, but increasing precipitation expected in high‐latitude regions under warming climate might obscure this effect by routing water via shallow flowpaths following large storms.
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spelling doaj-art-30e6a330f12142ba96ec0e061e4084e02025-08-20T02:44:24ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732025-06-01616n/an/a10.1029/2024WR039024Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal CatchmentsKaren L. Jorgenson0Thomas A. Douglas1M. Torre Jorgenson2Neal J. Pastick3Tamara K. Harms4Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USAU.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Fairbanks AK USAAlaska Ecoscience Fairbanks AK USAUnited States Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center Sioux Falls SD USAInstitute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USAAbstract Flowpaths of water through catchments influence water quality and flow regimes of streams. Depths of dominant flowpaths respond to variation in climate and catchment characteristics, such as topography, vegetation, and soil type. In high‐latitude regions, the depth and spatial extent of permafrost influences catchment hydrology, and thawing permafrost might change sources and pathways of water supplying solutes and flow to streams. We estimated contributions of precipitation, soil water, and groundwater flowpaths to streams during the open‐water period after snowmelt by applying a Bayesian mixing model to 4–6 years of observed solute concentrations in five catchments of boreal Alaska. The relative contribution of groundwater to streams varied from 12% to 82% across catchments and years and declined as spatial extent of permafrost increased from 25% to 58% across catchments, indicating potential for increased infiltration and drainage as permafrost thaws. Temporal patterns in precipitation also influenced flowpaths. The mean annual contribution of precipitation to streamflow increased in years with more rain. Groundwater contribution increased, on average, in years with few large storms, suggesting deepening flows due to seasonal ground thaw or loss of shallow water to evapotranspiration. In contrast, groundwater contributed less in years when large storms delivered most of the year's rain in late summer or autumn. Overall, spatial and temporal variation in relative flowpath contributions to streams suggest that permafrost thaw will deepen flowpaths, but increasing precipitation expected in high‐latitude regions under warming climate might obscure this effect by routing water via shallow flowpaths following large storms.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039024streamprecipitationgroundwatersoil watermixing modelseasonality
spellingShingle Karen L. Jorgenson
Thomas A. Douglas
M. Torre Jorgenson
Neal J. Pastick
Tamara K. Harms
Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments
Water Resources Research
stream
precipitation
groundwater
soil water
mixing model
seasonality
title Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments
title_full Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments
title_fullStr Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments
title_full_unstemmed Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments
title_short Permafrost and Rain Influence Summer Hydrologic Flowpaths in Boreal Catchments
title_sort permafrost and rain influence summer hydrologic flowpaths in boreal catchments
topic stream
precipitation
groundwater
soil water
mixing model
seasonality
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039024
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