Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain Technology

Electricity abuse and energy inefficiencies are still open issues in smart grid systems, demanding high-performance anomaly detection mechanisms. In this paper, we propose an IoT-enabled electricity monitoring system that combines machine learning (LightGBM) and blockchain (Polygon network) for real...

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Main Authors: Soiful Hadi, Wahyul Amien Syafei, Adi Wibowo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10966853/
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author Soiful Hadi
Wahyul Amien Syafei
Adi Wibowo
author_facet Soiful Hadi
Wahyul Amien Syafei
Adi Wibowo
author_sort Soiful Hadi
collection DOAJ
description Electricity abuse and energy inefficiencies are still open issues in smart grid systems, demanding high-performance anomaly detection mechanisms. In this paper, we propose an IoT-enabled electricity monitoring system that combines machine learning (LightGBM) and blockchain (Polygon network) for real-time anomaly detection, secure data storage, and transparent energy tracking. IoT smart meters are utilized to monitor real-time electricity usage data, whereas LightGBM classifies anomalies efficiently with high precision. The key innovation is the use of blockchain for decentralized anomaly logging with tamper-proof records and enhanced trustworthiness. Unlike centralized approaches, Polygon blockchain immutably stores electricity data, giving verifiable anomaly logs. Using an interactive IoT dashboard and real-time notifications, users can monitor consumption patterns and respond to anomalies efficiently. The proposed system achieves 96.77% accuracy, an AUC-ROC of 0.99, and an F1-score of 96.69%, outperforming CNN-LSTM and CNN-XGBoost in both accuracy and use of computational resources. Despite these advantages, blockchain transaction costs (0.001996 POL per transaction) and IoT-wallet integration complexity pose challenges. Future work will explore cost-reducing blockchain optimizations such as meta-transactions and relayers, along with model enhancements for IoT scalability. This approach provides a low-cost, scalable, and secure solution for smart energy management, enhancing grid security and sustainability.
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spelling doaj-art-30e2b4d3bf664e3f9ec1fb82a62b2d372025-08-20T01:49:31ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113803718039410.1109/ACCESS.2025.356167710966853Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain TechnologySoiful Hadi0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5396-3647Wahyul Amien Syafei1Adi Wibowo2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-1017Information System School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaDepartment of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaElectricity abuse and energy inefficiencies are still open issues in smart grid systems, demanding high-performance anomaly detection mechanisms. In this paper, we propose an IoT-enabled electricity monitoring system that combines machine learning (LightGBM) and blockchain (Polygon network) for real-time anomaly detection, secure data storage, and transparent energy tracking. IoT smart meters are utilized to monitor real-time electricity usage data, whereas LightGBM classifies anomalies efficiently with high precision. The key innovation is the use of blockchain for decentralized anomaly logging with tamper-proof records and enhanced trustworthiness. Unlike centralized approaches, Polygon blockchain immutably stores electricity data, giving verifiable anomaly logs. Using an interactive IoT dashboard and real-time notifications, users can monitor consumption patterns and respond to anomalies efficiently. The proposed system achieves 96.77% accuracy, an AUC-ROC of 0.99, and an F1-score of 96.69%, outperforming CNN-LSTM and CNN-XGBoost in both accuracy and use of computational resources. Despite these advantages, blockchain transaction costs (0.001996 POL per transaction) and IoT-wallet integration complexity pose challenges. Future work will explore cost-reducing blockchain optimizations such as meta-transactions and relayers, along with model enhancements for IoT scalability. This approach provides a low-cost, scalable, and secure solution for smart energy management, enhancing grid security and sustainability.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10966853/Electricity misuseambient intelligence (AmI)Internet of Things (IoT)blockchainsmart contract
spellingShingle Soiful Hadi
Wahyul Amien Syafei
Adi Wibowo
Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain Technology
IEEE Access
Electricity misuse
ambient intelligence (AmI)
Internet of Things (IoT)
blockchain
smart contract
title Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain Technology
title_full Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain Technology
title_fullStr Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain Technology
title_full_unstemmed Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain Technology
title_short Ambient Intelligence to Detect Misuse of Electricity Consumption Based on IoT Using Blockchain Technology
title_sort ambient intelligence to detect misuse of electricity consumption based on iot using blockchain technology
topic Electricity misuse
ambient intelligence (AmI)
Internet of Things (IoT)
blockchain
smart contract
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10966853/
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AT wahyulamiensyafei ambientintelligencetodetectmisuseofelectricityconsumptionbasedoniotusingblockchaintechnology
AT adiwibowo ambientintelligencetodetectmisuseofelectricityconsumptionbasedoniotusingblockchaintechnology