High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a Source
Abstract Net sea‐air CO2 flux can be calculated from observations of seawater and atmosphere partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and estimates of the gas transfer velocity. Typically, these quantities are calculated at a monthly resolution, which misses potentially important high‐frequency temporal varia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115470 |
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| author | Ruiming Song Tim DeVries Renjian Li Adrienne Sutton Uwe Send Helena C. Frazão |
| author_facet | Ruiming Song Tim DeVries Renjian Li Adrienne Sutton Uwe Send Helena C. Frazão |
| author_sort | Ruiming Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Net sea‐air CO2 flux can be calculated from observations of seawater and atmosphere partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and estimates of the gas transfer velocity. Typically, these quantities are calculated at a monthly resolution, which misses potentially important high‐frequency temporal variability. Here, we calculated sea‐air CO2 flux at a 3‐hourly resolution using a 10‐year mooring data set (2011–2020) from the central California coastal upwelling region. We identified a significant flux of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere due to a positive correlation between seawater pCO2 and wind speed at timescales of hours to days, particularly during the late spring and early summer upwelling season. Accounting for this variability changes the region from a net sink to a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. These findings imply that CO2 fluxes computed from monthly‐resolution data may miss important shorter‐term variability that contributes to a net outgassing of CO2 from the ocean. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-30c3b07fa9ff41d58ecadd45abf4d31f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-30c3b07fa9ff41d58ecadd45abf4d31f2025-08-20T03:08:48ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-07-015214n/an/a10.1029/2025GL115470High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a SourceRuiming Song0Tim DeVries1Renjian Li2Adrienne Sutton3Uwe Send4Helena C. Frazão5Department of Geography University of California Santa Barbara CA USADepartment of Geography University of California Santa Barbara CA USAEarth Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USAPacific Marine Environmental Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle WA USAScripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USAScripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USAAbstract Net sea‐air CO2 flux can be calculated from observations of seawater and atmosphere partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and estimates of the gas transfer velocity. Typically, these quantities are calculated at a monthly resolution, which misses potentially important high‐frequency temporal variability. Here, we calculated sea‐air CO2 flux at a 3‐hourly resolution using a 10‐year mooring data set (2011–2020) from the central California coastal upwelling region. We identified a significant flux of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere due to a positive correlation between seawater pCO2 and wind speed at timescales of hours to days, particularly during the late spring and early summer upwelling season. Accounting for this variability changes the region from a net sink to a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. These findings imply that CO2 fluxes computed from monthly‐resolution data may miss important shorter‐term variability that contributes to a net outgassing of CO2 from the ocean.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115470carbon dioxideair‐sea exchangeCalifornia current |
| spellingShingle | Ruiming Song Tim DeVries Renjian Li Adrienne Sutton Uwe Send Helena C. Frazão High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a Source Geophysical Research Letters carbon dioxide air‐sea exchange California current |
| title | High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a Source |
| title_full | High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a Source |
| title_fullStr | High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a Source |
| title_full_unstemmed | High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a Source |
| title_short | High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and pCO2 Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO2 Sink to a Source |
| title_sort | high frequency correlations between winds and pco2 change the california coastal upwelling system from a co2 sink to a source |
| topic | carbon dioxide air‐sea exchange California current |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115470 |
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