Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum

BackgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) is a prevalent condition often treated with the Broström procedure, sometimes modified by Gould. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing the Broström procedure with and without the Gould modification, focusing on the implicati...

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Main Authors: Haoyang Liu, Hongxu Li, Mengran Shen, Yu Zhou, Bailiang Wang, Jinhui Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Surgery
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1572345/full
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author Haoyang Liu
Hongxu Li
Mengran Shen
Yu Zhou
Bailiang Wang
Jinhui Ma
author_facet Haoyang Liu
Hongxu Li
Mengran Shen
Yu Zhou
Bailiang Wang
Jinhui Ma
author_sort Haoyang Liu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) is a prevalent condition often treated with the Broström procedure, sometimes modified by Gould. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing the Broström procedure with and without the Gould modification, focusing on the implications for CAI management.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library, Science Direct, Europe PMC, and Scopus for studies comparing the Broström procedure with and without the Gould modification. The search spanned from the inception of these databases to October 12, 2024, using specific terms related to ankle instability and ligament repair.ResultsOur meta-analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in AOFAS scores, indicating a weak correlation between AOFAS scores and reinforcement of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (IER) [mean difference −1.14 (−2.16, −0.11), p = 0.03 I2:0%, p = 1.000]. Similarly, the reinforcement of IER showed a low correlation with Karlsson scores [mean difference −0.15 (−2.25, 1.96), p = 0.89; I2: 48%, p = 0.07]. The results for talar tilt [mean difference −0.11° (−0.37, 0.15), p = 0.42; I2:0%, p = 0.87] and anterior talar translation [mean difference 0.09 mm (−0.10, 0.29), p = 0.34; I2:0%, p = 0.91] were similar between the two groups at follow-up. The funnel plots for AOFAS scores, talar tilt, and complications were symmetrical, indicating no publication bias or other biases in the studies.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that for patients with CAI, the Broström procedure with or without the Gould modification yields comparable postoperative functional outcomes. This has significant implications for the surgical management of CAI, potentially simplifying treatment protocols.Level of evidence: Level II, systematic review of Level II studies.
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spelling doaj-art-30bd7b6f9a7a427e9d4e87adf94ea8bf2025-08-20T03:07:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Surgery2296-875X2025-05-011210.3389/fsurg.2025.15723451572345Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculumHaoyang Liu0Hongxu Li1Mengran Shen2Yu Zhou3Bailiang Wang4Jinhui Ma5Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) is a prevalent condition often treated with the Broström procedure, sometimes modified by Gould. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing the Broström procedure with and without the Gould modification, focusing on the implications for CAI management.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library, Science Direct, Europe PMC, and Scopus for studies comparing the Broström procedure with and without the Gould modification. The search spanned from the inception of these databases to October 12, 2024, using specific terms related to ankle instability and ligament repair.ResultsOur meta-analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in AOFAS scores, indicating a weak correlation between AOFAS scores and reinforcement of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (IER) [mean difference −1.14 (−2.16, −0.11), p = 0.03 I2:0%, p = 1.000]. Similarly, the reinforcement of IER showed a low correlation with Karlsson scores [mean difference −0.15 (−2.25, 1.96), p = 0.89; I2: 48%, p = 0.07]. The results for talar tilt [mean difference −0.11° (−0.37, 0.15), p = 0.42; I2:0%, p = 0.87] and anterior talar translation [mean difference 0.09 mm (−0.10, 0.29), p = 0.34; I2:0%, p = 0.91] were similar between the two groups at follow-up. The funnel plots for AOFAS scores, talar tilt, and complications were symmetrical, indicating no publication bias or other biases in the studies.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that for patients with CAI, the Broström procedure with or without the Gould modification yields comparable postoperative functional outcomes. This has significant implications for the surgical management of CAI, potentially simplifying treatment protocols.Level of evidence: Level II, systematic review of Level II studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1572345/fullanterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)meta-analysisinferior extensor retinaculumchronic ankle instabilityankle sprains
spellingShingle Haoyang Liu
Hongxu Li
Mengran Shen
Yu Zhou
Bailiang Wang
Jinhui Ma
Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum
Frontiers in Surgery
anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
meta-analysis
inferior extensor retinaculum
chronic ankle instability
ankle sprains
title Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum
title_full Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum
title_fullStr Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum
title_full_unstemmed Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum
title_short Chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum
title_sort chronic ankle instability a meta analysis and systematic review comparing clinical outcomes of anterior talofibular ligament repair with or without reinforcement of the lower extensor retinaculum
topic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
meta-analysis
inferior extensor retinaculum
chronic ankle instability
ankle sprains
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1572345/full
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