Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic Storm
In this study, we explored the occurrence of near-sunrise equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) and inhibition of dusk-time EPBs during the geomagnetic storm (SYM-Hmin= −139 nT) of 19–20 April 2024 using multi-instrument observations over the Indian and Southeast Asian longitude sectors. The initial phas...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Sampad Kumar Panda Siva Sai Kumar Rajana Chiranjeevi G. Vivek Jyothi Ravi Kiran Kumar Dabbakuti Wangshimenla Jamir Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn |
| author_facet | Sampad Kumar Panda Siva Sai Kumar Rajana Chiranjeevi G. Vivek Jyothi Ravi Kiran Kumar Dabbakuti Wangshimenla Jamir Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn |
| author_sort | Sampad Kumar Panda |
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| description | In this study, we explored the occurrence of near-sunrise equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) and inhibition of dusk-time EPBs during the geomagnetic storm (SYM-Hmin= −139 nT) of 19–20 April 2024 using multi-instrument observations over the Indian and Southeast Asian longitude sectors. The initial phase of this storm commenced around 0530 UT on 19 April 2024 and did not manifest any visible alterations in the ionospheric electric fields during the main phase of the storm, which corresponded to a period between post-sunset to midnight over the study region. However, during the recovery phase of the storm, the IMF Bz suddenly flipped northward and was associated with an overshielding of the penetrating electric fields, which triggered the formation of near-sunrise EPBs. Interestingly, the persistence of EPBs was also noticed for more than three hours after the sunrise terminator. Initially, sunrise EPBs were developed in the Southeast Asian region and later drifted toward the Indian longitude region, along with the sunrise terminator. Moreover, this study suggested that the occurrence of EPBs was suppressed due to the altered storm time electric fields at the dip equatorial region across the 70–90°E longitude sector in the recovery period. This study highlighted that even moderate geomagnetic storms can generate near-sunrise EPBs in a broader longitude sector due to penetrating electric fields in overshielding conditions, which can significantly affect trans-ionospheric signals. |
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| id | doaj-art-30bc144875ba4a5e8b4a3d1e52af2624 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-30bc144875ba4a5e8b4a3d1e52af26242025-08-20T01:48:49ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-01176110010.3390/rs17061100Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic StormSampad Kumar Panda0Siva Sai Kumar Rajana1Chiranjeevi G. Vivek2Jyothi Ravi Kiran Kumar Dabbakuti3Wangshimenla Jamir4Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn5Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram 522302, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram 522302, IndiaCSIR-Fourth Paradigm Institute (CSIR-4PI), Bangalore 560037, IndiaDepartment of Internet of Things, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram 522302, IndiaDepartment of Geography, Nagaland University, Lumami 798627, IndiaKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, ThailandIn this study, we explored the occurrence of near-sunrise equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) and inhibition of dusk-time EPBs during the geomagnetic storm (SYM-Hmin= −139 nT) of 19–20 April 2024 using multi-instrument observations over the Indian and Southeast Asian longitude sectors. The initial phase of this storm commenced around 0530 UT on 19 April 2024 and did not manifest any visible alterations in the ionospheric electric fields during the main phase of the storm, which corresponded to a period between post-sunset to midnight over the study region. However, during the recovery phase of the storm, the IMF Bz suddenly flipped northward and was associated with an overshielding of the penetrating electric fields, which triggered the formation of near-sunrise EPBs. Interestingly, the persistence of EPBs was also noticed for more than three hours after the sunrise terminator. Initially, sunrise EPBs were developed in the Southeast Asian region and later drifted toward the Indian longitude region, along with the sunrise terminator. Moreover, this study suggested that the occurrence of EPBs was suppressed due to the altered storm time electric fields at the dip equatorial region across the 70–90°E longitude sector in the recovery period. This study highlighted that even moderate geomagnetic storms can generate near-sunrise EPBs in a broader longitude sector due to penetrating electric fields in overshielding conditions, which can significantly affect trans-ionospheric signals.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1100ionospheregeomagnetic stormequatorial plasma bubblesglobal navigation satellite systemswarm |
| spellingShingle | Sampad Kumar Panda Siva Sai Kumar Rajana Chiranjeevi G. Vivek Jyothi Ravi Kiran Kumar Dabbakuti Wangshimenla Jamir Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic Storm Remote Sensing ionosphere geomagnetic storm equatorial plasma bubbles global navigation satellite system swarm |
| title | Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_full | Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_short | Multi-Instrument Analysis of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over the Indian and Southeast Asian Longitudes During the 19–20 April 2024 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_sort | multi instrument analysis of ionospheric equatorial plasma bubbles over the indian and southeast asian longitudes during the 19 20 april 2024 geomagnetic storm |
| topic | ionosphere geomagnetic storm equatorial plasma bubbles global navigation satellite system swarm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1100 |
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