Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysis
Tractor noise and vibrations adversely affect the health of operators, reduce work efficiency, and interfere with the creation of a comfortable working environment. Electric-powered next-generation tractor systems lack masking effects in engines. Moreover, as various excitation sources contribute to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Smart Agricultural Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375524003587 |
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| author | Hyun-Woo Han Min-Woo Kang Seong-Hyun Lee Yun-Ho Seo Seung-Je Cho Jeong-Gil Kim Young-Joo Kim Young-Jun Park |
| author_facet | Hyun-Woo Han Min-Woo Kang Seong-Hyun Lee Yun-Ho Seo Seung-Je Cho Jeong-Gil Kim Young-Joo Kim Young-Jun Park |
| author_sort | Hyun-Woo Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tractor noise and vibrations adversely affect the health of operators, reduce work efficiency, and interfere with the creation of a comfortable working environment. Electric-powered next-generation tractor systems lack masking effects in engines. Moreover, as various excitation sources contribute to noise, rapid causal analysis of numerous transfer paths is necessary. An operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) is an experimental method used to analyze the energy transfer of noise and vibration. This paper proposed an operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) network for agricultural tractor using a multi-layer transfer function matrix and a contribution calculation method. A root cause analysis of the noise transfer considering the entire tractor system was performed using only the response signals. Acoustic and vibration signals were acquired from 83 sensor channels on the sources and transfer paths of the tractor. Based on the measured signals, an analysis network was constructed using air- and structure-borne paths. The signals predicted by the developed OTPA model matched the overall response level and frequency domain characteristics of the sound pressure signals measured from an actual tractor. Additionally, air- and structure-borne noise contributions were quantitatively evaluated according to the frequency. Analysis results showed that the structure-borne noise was dominant. In addition, the floor panel of cab had a high contribution to the engine 4th-order noise(four times of the engine rotational frequency), and the front glass comprises a structural mode in the 684 Hz band. The contribution from the rear mounts showed that it was the dominant paths for transmitting vibrations to the tractor cab. Moreover, it was higher than that from the front part. This difference indicated that a separate design for the front and rear mounts should be needed. The contribution of air-borne noise increased as the engine speed increased. The air-borne noise was primarily contributed by the wheel noise, with the rear wheels contributing more than the front wheels. The results of this study can contribute to improvements in noise and vibration comfort performance of the agricultural tractor cab. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-30b285f60bd147ba9a47d6456bdcb092 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-3755 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Smart Agricultural Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-30b285f60bd147ba9a47d6456bdcb0922025-08-20T02:52:20ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552025-03-011010075410.1016/j.atech.2024.100754Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysisHyun-Woo Han0Min-Woo Kang1Seong-Hyun Lee2Yun-Ho Seo3Seung-Je Cho4Jeong-Gil Kim5Young-Joo Kim6Young-Jun Park7Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSystem Dynamics Laboratory, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of KoreaSystem Dynamics Laboratory, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of KoreaSmart Agricultural Machinery R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gimje 54325, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of KoreaSmart Agricultural Machinery R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gimje 54325, Republic of KoreaSmart Agricultural Machinery R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gimje 54325, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Convergence Major in Global Smart Farm, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Correspondence author at: Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08862, Republic of Korea.Tractor noise and vibrations adversely affect the health of operators, reduce work efficiency, and interfere with the creation of a comfortable working environment. Electric-powered next-generation tractor systems lack masking effects in engines. Moreover, as various excitation sources contribute to noise, rapid causal analysis of numerous transfer paths is necessary. An operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) is an experimental method used to analyze the energy transfer of noise and vibration. This paper proposed an operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) network for agricultural tractor using a multi-layer transfer function matrix and a contribution calculation method. A root cause analysis of the noise transfer considering the entire tractor system was performed using only the response signals. Acoustic and vibration signals were acquired from 83 sensor channels on the sources and transfer paths of the tractor. Based on the measured signals, an analysis network was constructed using air- and structure-borne paths. The signals predicted by the developed OTPA model matched the overall response level and frequency domain characteristics of the sound pressure signals measured from an actual tractor. Additionally, air- and structure-borne noise contributions were quantitatively evaluated according to the frequency. Analysis results showed that the structure-borne noise was dominant. In addition, the floor panel of cab had a high contribution to the engine 4th-order noise(four times of the engine rotational frequency), and the front glass comprises a structural mode in the 684 Hz band. The contribution from the rear mounts showed that it was the dominant paths for transmitting vibrations to the tractor cab. Moreover, it was higher than that from the front part. This difference indicated that a separate design for the front and rear mounts should be needed. The contribution of air-borne noise increased as the engine speed increased. The air-borne noise was primarily contributed by the wheel noise, with the rear wheels contributing more than the front wheels. The results of this study can contribute to improvements in noise and vibration comfort performance of the agricultural tractor cab.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375524003587Operational transfer path analysis (OTPA)Tractor cab interior noisePath contributionAir-borne noiseStructure-borne noise |
| spellingShingle | Hyun-Woo Han Min-Woo Kang Seong-Hyun Lee Yun-Ho Seo Seung-Je Cho Jeong-Gil Kim Young-Joo Kim Young-Jun Park Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysis Smart Agricultural Technology Operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) Tractor cab interior noise Path contribution Air-borne noise Structure-borne noise |
| title | Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysis |
| title_full | Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysis |
| title_fullStr | Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysis |
| title_short | Root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi-layer operational transfer path analysis |
| title_sort | root cause analysis of noise transfer in an entire tractor system using multi layer operational transfer path analysis |
| topic | Operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) Tractor cab interior noise Path contribution Air-borne noise Structure-borne noise |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375524003587 |
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