Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a pivotal imaging modality in elucidating the pathogenic, clinical, and prognostic implications of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review examines the utility of OCT in providing high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of retinal struct...

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Main Authors: Serena Fragiotta, Mariachiara Di Pippo, Daniele Fumi, Chiara Ciancimino, Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/237
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author Serena Fragiotta
Mariachiara Di Pippo
Daniele Fumi
Chiara Ciancimino
Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
author_facet Serena Fragiotta
Mariachiara Di Pippo
Daniele Fumi
Chiara Ciancimino
Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
author_sort Serena Fragiotta
collection DOAJ
description Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a pivotal imaging modality in elucidating the pathogenic, clinical, and prognostic implications of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review examines the utility of OCT in providing high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of retinal structures comparable to an in vivo histopathology. Recent histopathological correlations with OCT have enabled the precise characterization of AMD extracellular lesions, improving the interpretation of several OCT signatures. By correlating OCT findings with clinicopathological features, a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AMD is achieved, facilitating early detection, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision making. Furthermore, OCT-derived biomarkers offer valuable insights into disease severity, response to treatment, and prognostic outcomes, thereby enhancing patient care and optimizing visual outcomes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2304-6732
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spelling doaj-art-3095fcb7b2de47648045ebd58bb434912025-08-20T03:43:20ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-03-0112323710.3390/photonics12030237Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular DegenerationSerena Fragiotta0Mariachiara Di Pippo1Daniele Fumi2Chiara Ciancimino3Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh4Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, ItalyOphthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, ItalyOphthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, ItalyOphthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, ItalyOphthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, ItalyOptical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a pivotal imaging modality in elucidating the pathogenic, clinical, and prognostic implications of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review examines the utility of OCT in providing high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of retinal structures comparable to an in vivo histopathology. Recent histopathological correlations with OCT have enabled the precise characterization of AMD extracellular lesions, improving the interpretation of several OCT signatures. By correlating OCT findings with clinicopathological features, a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AMD is achieved, facilitating early detection, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision making. Furthermore, OCT-derived biomarkers offer valuable insights into disease severity, response to treatment, and prognostic outcomes, thereby enhancing patient care and optimizing visual outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/237optical coherence tomographyage-related macular degenerationretinacrystalline depositsouter retinal tubulationshyperreflective foci
spellingShingle Serena Fragiotta
Mariachiara Di Pippo
Daniele Fumi
Chiara Ciancimino
Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Photonics
optical coherence tomography
age-related macular degeneration
retina
crystalline deposits
outer retinal tubulations
hyperreflective foci
title Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_full Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_fullStr Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_full_unstemmed Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_short Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
title_sort optical coherence tomography and clinicopathological correlation for understanding the pathogenic clinical and prognostic implications in age related macular degeneration
topic optical coherence tomography
age-related macular degeneration
retina
crystalline deposits
outer retinal tubulations
hyperreflective foci
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/237
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