Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients

Abstract Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at enhanced risk of infection and to poorly respond to vaccination due to comorbidities and immunosuppression. We performed a systems vaccinology study in 59 kidney and 31 lung transplant recipients who received 3 doses of COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 v...

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Main Authors: Nicolas Gemander, Julika Neumann, Rafael Veiga, Isabelle Etienne, Teresa Prezzemolo, Delphine Kemlin, Pieter Pannus, Stéphanie Depickère, Véronique Olislagers, Inès Vu Duc, Alexandra Waegemans, Margaux Gerbaux, Leoni Bücken, Hafid Dahma, Charlotte Martin, Nicolas Dauby, Maria E. Goossens, Isabelle Desombere, Carlos P. Roca, Mathijs Willemsen, Stanislas Goriely, Alain Le Moine, Arnaud Marchant, Adrian Liston, Stephanie Humblet-Baron
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Vaccines
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01182-1
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author Nicolas Gemander
Julika Neumann
Rafael Veiga
Isabelle Etienne
Teresa Prezzemolo
Delphine Kemlin
Pieter Pannus
Stéphanie Depickère
Véronique Olislagers
Inès Vu Duc
Alexandra Waegemans
Margaux Gerbaux
Leoni Bücken
Hafid Dahma
Charlotte Martin
Nicolas Dauby
Maria E. Goossens
Isabelle Desombere
Carlos P. Roca
Mathijs Willemsen
Stanislas Goriely
Alain Le Moine
Arnaud Marchant
Adrian Liston
Stephanie Humblet-Baron
author_facet Nicolas Gemander
Julika Neumann
Rafael Veiga
Isabelle Etienne
Teresa Prezzemolo
Delphine Kemlin
Pieter Pannus
Stéphanie Depickère
Véronique Olislagers
Inès Vu Duc
Alexandra Waegemans
Margaux Gerbaux
Leoni Bücken
Hafid Dahma
Charlotte Martin
Nicolas Dauby
Maria E. Goossens
Isabelle Desombere
Carlos P. Roca
Mathijs Willemsen
Stanislas Goriely
Alain Le Moine
Arnaud Marchant
Adrian Liston
Stephanie Humblet-Baron
author_sort Nicolas Gemander
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at enhanced risk of infection and to poorly respond to vaccination due to comorbidities and immunosuppression. We performed a systems vaccinology study in 59 kidney and 31 lung transplant recipients who received 3 doses of COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. We were able to characterize a baseline configuration associated with an effective humoral response to 3 doses, characterized by an innate and activated B cell profile, whereas a T cell signature was associated with a poorer response. We observed a distinct configuration associated with a detectable humoral response to 2 doses, partly mediated by double negative B cell subsets. These results suggest that, despite their immunosuppression, some SOT recipients can induce an effective humoral response to 3 doses of vaccine supported by a baseline configuration close to the healthy phenotype. Baseline immune phenotyping may help identify SOT recipients at the greatest risk of a poor vaccine response.
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spelling doaj-art-307e67c5bafb4ffe95c505e81255330e2025-08-20T03:03:20ZengNature Portfolionpj Vaccines2059-01052025-07-0110111510.1038/s41541-025-01182-1Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipientsNicolas Gemander0Julika Neumann1Rafael Veiga2Isabelle Etienne3Teresa Prezzemolo4Delphine Kemlin5Pieter Pannus6Stéphanie Depickère7Véronique Olislagers8Inès Vu Duc9Alexandra Waegemans10Margaux Gerbaux11Leoni Bücken12Hafid Dahma13Charlotte Martin14Nicolas Dauby15Maria E. Goossens16Isabelle Desombere17Carlos P. Roca18Mathijs Willemsen19Stanislas Goriely20Alain Le Moine21Arnaud Marchant22Adrian Liston23Stephanie Humblet-Baron24European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationThe Babraham Institute, Immunology ProgrammeEuropean Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationEuropean Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Department of Infectious Diseases in Humans, SciensanoEuropean Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationLHUB-ULB (Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles), MicrobiologyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Department of Infectious Diseases in Humans, SciensanoDepartment of Infectious Diseases in Humans, SciensanoThe Babraham Institute, Immunology ProgrammeKU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationEuropean Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels and ULB Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)The Babraham Institute, Immunology ProgrammeKU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationAbstract Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at enhanced risk of infection and to poorly respond to vaccination due to comorbidities and immunosuppression. We performed a systems vaccinology study in 59 kidney and 31 lung transplant recipients who received 3 doses of COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. We were able to characterize a baseline configuration associated with an effective humoral response to 3 doses, characterized by an innate and activated B cell profile, whereas a T cell signature was associated with a poorer response. We observed a distinct configuration associated with a detectable humoral response to 2 doses, partly mediated by double negative B cell subsets. These results suggest that, despite their immunosuppression, some SOT recipients can induce an effective humoral response to 3 doses of vaccine supported by a baseline configuration close to the healthy phenotype. Baseline immune phenotyping may help identify SOT recipients at the greatest risk of a poor vaccine response.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01182-1
spellingShingle Nicolas Gemander
Julika Neumann
Rafael Veiga
Isabelle Etienne
Teresa Prezzemolo
Delphine Kemlin
Pieter Pannus
Stéphanie Depickère
Véronique Olislagers
Inès Vu Duc
Alexandra Waegemans
Margaux Gerbaux
Leoni Bücken
Hafid Dahma
Charlotte Martin
Nicolas Dauby
Maria E. Goossens
Isabelle Desombere
Carlos P. Roca
Mathijs Willemsen
Stanislas Goriely
Alain Le Moine
Arnaud Marchant
Adrian Liston
Stephanie Humblet-Baron
Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients
npj Vaccines
title Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients
title_full Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients
title_fullStr Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients
title_full_unstemmed Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients
title_short Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients
title_sort systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of sars cov 2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01182-1
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