Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser Pulses

Conventional hardening, sometimes, is not economically viable due to consuming additional costs and energy. This makes applying selective hardening on specific regions an attractive alternative for members subjected to local friction and wear. This work is devoted for applying cold working hardenin...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Furat I. Hussein, Sanaa Al-Sumaidae, Ahmed Alhamaoy, Kareem N. Salloomi, Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Diyala 2025-03-01
Series:Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://djes.info/index.php/djes/article/view/1590
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850201230637268992
author Furat I. Hussein
Sanaa Al-Sumaidae
Ahmed Alhamaoy
Kareem N. Salloomi
Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi
author_facet Furat I. Hussein
Sanaa Al-Sumaidae
Ahmed Alhamaoy
Kareem N. Salloomi
Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi
author_sort Furat I. Hussein
collection DOAJ
description Conventional hardening, sometimes, is not economically viable due to consuming additional costs and energy. This makes applying selective hardening on specific regions an attractive alternative for members subjected to local friction and wear. This work is devoted for applying cold working hardening on discrete values on regions of aluminum 6061-O alloy using nanosecond fiber laser of 100 W average power and pulse duration of 81 ns. An exaggerated plasma pressure resulted from ablation a thin coat layer on the metal surface was built in order to cause cold plastic deformation and increase the surface hardness of the alloy. The power density (Pd) and pulse overlap percentage (OV) were employed as working parameters. Due to the sensitivity of aluminium alloys to excessive heating, the criteria of the best outcomes were considered according to the objective of the study in supporting the hardness by strain hardening. The higher attained a significant increase in the hardness associated with less consumed optical energy, the most clean and flawless surface, observed by the high-resolution SEM images, which indicates hardening with cold work. The best hardness value is conducted at a Pd of 4.46 GW/cm2 reaching a hardness of 57.6 HV at an OV of 43% and 53.8 VHD at an OV of 77.3%. The X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed a reduction of 56% in grain size compared to the original alloy and increase in the number of dislocations density by 378%.
format Article
id doaj-art-3071f76f62dd40d0943beb5039b1269e
institution OA Journals
issn 1999-8716
2616-6909
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher University of Diyala
record_format Article
series Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences
spelling doaj-art-3071f76f62dd40d0943beb5039b1269e2025-08-20T02:12:03ZengUniversity of DiyalaDiyala Journal of Engineering Sciences1999-87162616-69092025-03-0118110.24237/djes.2025.18107Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser PulsesFurat I. Hussein0Sanaa Al-Sumaidae1Ahmed Alhamaoy2Kareem N. Salloomi3Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi4Mechatronics Engineering Department, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071 Iraq Automated Manufacturing Department, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071 IraqLaser and Optoelectronic Eng. Dep., College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain UniversityAutomated Manufacturing Department, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071 IraqSchool of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland Conventional hardening, sometimes, is not economically viable due to consuming additional costs and energy. This makes applying selective hardening on specific regions an attractive alternative for members subjected to local friction and wear. This work is devoted for applying cold working hardening on discrete values on regions of aluminum 6061-O alloy using nanosecond fiber laser of 100 W average power and pulse duration of 81 ns. An exaggerated plasma pressure resulted from ablation a thin coat layer on the metal surface was built in order to cause cold plastic deformation and increase the surface hardness of the alloy. The power density (Pd) and pulse overlap percentage (OV) were employed as working parameters. Due to the sensitivity of aluminium alloys to excessive heating, the criteria of the best outcomes were considered according to the objective of the study in supporting the hardness by strain hardening. The higher attained a significant increase in the hardness associated with less consumed optical energy, the most clean and flawless surface, observed by the high-resolution SEM images, which indicates hardening with cold work. The best hardness value is conducted at a Pd of 4.46 GW/cm2 reaching a hardness of 57.6 HV at an OV of 43% and 53.8 VHD at an OV of 77.3%. The X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed a reduction of 56% in grain size compared to the original alloy and increase in the number of dislocations density by 378%. https://djes.info/index.php/djes/article/view/1590Nanosecond laserAl 6061-O alloyHardnessSurface RoughnessLaser Hardening
spellingShingle Furat I. Hussein
Sanaa Al-Sumaidae
Ahmed Alhamaoy
Kareem N. Salloomi
Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi
Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser Pulses
Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences
Nanosecond laser
Al 6061-O alloy
Hardness
Surface Roughness
Laser Hardening
title Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser Pulses
title_full Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser Pulses
title_fullStr Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser Pulses
title_full_unstemmed Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser Pulses
title_short Selective Laser Hardening of Aluminium AA6061-O Alloy with Nanosecond Laser Pulses
title_sort selective laser hardening of aluminium aa6061 o alloy with nanosecond laser pulses
topic Nanosecond laser
Al 6061-O alloy
Hardness
Surface Roughness
Laser Hardening
url https://djes.info/index.php/djes/article/view/1590
work_keys_str_mv AT furatihussein selectivelaserhardeningofaluminiumaa6061oalloywithnanosecondlaserpulses
AT sanaaalsumaidae selectivelaserhardeningofaluminiumaa6061oalloywithnanosecondlaserpulses
AT ahmedalhamaoy selectivelaserhardeningofaluminiumaa6061oalloywithnanosecondlaserpulses
AT kareemnsalloomi selectivelaserhardeningofaluminiumaa6061oalloywithnanosecondlaserpulses
AT muhannadahmedobeidi selectivelaserhardeningofaluminiumaa6061oalloywithnanosecondlaserpulses