Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)
Drought stress poses a serious threat to agricultural productivity worldwide. This study investigated the mitigative effects of exogenous spermidine on drought stressed yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Plants were subjected to three drought levels (25 %, 50 % and 75 % field capacity) and foliar spr...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024175135 |
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| author | Sajedeh Alijani Mohammad-Reza Raji Zohreh Emami Bistgani Abdollah Ehtesham Nia Mostafa Farajpour |
| author_facet | Sajedeh Alijani Mohammad-Reza Raji Zohreh Emami Bistgani Abdollah Ehtesham Nia Mostafa Farajpour |
| author_sort | Sajedeh Alijani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drought stress poses a serious threat to agricultural productivity worldwide. This study investigated the mitigative effects of exogenous spermidine on drought stressed yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Plants were subjected to three drought levels (25 %, 50 % and 75 % field capacity) and foliar sprayed with 0, 1.5 and 3 μM spermidine. Drought significantly reduced relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoids), osmolyte (proline, soluble sugars) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), indicating oxidative damage. Spermidine treatment attenuated drought injury by improving the above parameters. Maximum responses were observed at 1.5 μM for photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes, while 3 μM performed best for secondary metabolites (phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins) and antioxidant enzymes. Drought also upregulated secondary metabolites like phenolics, while spermidine further augmented their levels. Moreover, spermidine maintained membrane integrity and osmotic adjustment under water deficit. Overall, spermidine enhanced yarrow's drought tolerance by modulating physiological and biochemical processes. Our findings provide insights into spermidine-induced adaptation mechanisms in plants combating water scarcity. Optimization of spermidine concentration may help develop drought-resilient crops. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3070f2770ff5430ba8ce8c6dae420089 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-3070f2770ff5430ba8ce8c6dae4200892025-01-17T04:51:24ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-01-01111e41482Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)Sajedeh Alijani0Mohammad-Reza Raji1Zohreh Emami Bistgani2Abdollah Ehtesham Nia3Mostafa Farajpour4Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, 44316-68151, IranDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, 44316-68151, Iran; Corresponding author.Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, 81748-35117, IranDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, 44316-68151, IranCrop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran; Corresponding author.Drought stress poses a serious threat to agricultural productivity worldwide. This study investigated the mitigative effects of exogenous spermidine on drought stressed yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Plants were subjected to three drought levels (25 %, 50 % and 75 % field capacity) and foliar sprayed with 0, 1.5 and 3 μM spermidine. Drought significantly reduced relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoids), osmolyte (proline, soluble sugars) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), indicating oxidative damage. Spermidine treatment attenuated drought injury by improving the above parameters. Maximum responses were observed at 1.5 μM for photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes, while 3 μM performed best for secondary metabolites (phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins) and antioxidant enzymes. Drought also upregulated secondary metabolites like phenolics, while spermidine further augmented their levels. Moreover, spermidine maintained membrane integrity and osmotic adjustment under water deficit. Overall, spermidine enhanced yarrow's drought tolerance by modulating physiological and biochemical processes. Our findings provide insights into spermidine-induced adaptation mechanisms in plants combating water scarcity. Optimization of spermidine concentration may help develop drought-resilient crops.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024175135AdaptationBiochemical pathwaysChlorophyllFlavonoidsPolyamines |
| spellingShingle | Sajedeh Alijani Mohammad-Reza Raji Zohreh Emami Bistgani Abdollah Ehtesham Nia Mostafa Farajpour Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Heliyon Adaptation Biochemical pathways Chlorophyll Flavonoids Polyamines |
| title | Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) |
| title_full | Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) |
| title_fullStr | Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) |
| title_short | Spermidine-induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) |
| title_sort | spermidine induced improvements in water relations and antioxidant defense enhance drought tolerance in yarrow achillea millefolium l |
| topic | Adaptation Biochemical pathways Chlorophyll Flavonoids Polyamines |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024175135 |
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