A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric Transmission

Numerical simulations were performed to rapidly predict and evaluate laser beam expansion caused by linear atmospheric transmission effects, such as turbulence and jitter, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the scaling law. Simulation results indicate that the turbulence term coefficient in the beam...

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Main Authors: Xin Ye, Chengyu Fan, Wenyue Zhu, Pengfei Zhang, Xianmei Qian, Jinghui Zhang, Tao Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/511
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author Xin Ye
Chengyu Fan
Wenyue Zhu
Pengfei Zhang
Xianmei Qian
Jinghui Zhang
Tao Jiang
author_facet Xin Ye
Chengyu Fan
Wenyue Zhu
Pengfei Zhang
Xianmei Qian
Jinghui Zhang
Tao Jiang
author_sort Xin Ye
collection DOAJ
description Numerical simulations were performed to rapidly predict and evaluate laser beam expansion caused by linear atmospheric transmission effects, such as turbulence and jitter, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the scaling law. Simulation results indicate that the turbulence term coefficient in the beam expansion calibration expression correlates linearly with the initial beam mass and inversely with the transmission distance. By fitting a nonlinear surface, the relationship between the turbulence term coefficient, initial beam mass, and transmission distance was established. Additionally, under turbulence-free conditions, a calibration expression relating initial beam mass to transmission distance was derived. The tracking jitter-term coefficient was determined to be 3.69, effectively characterizing beam expansion due to system jitter error. Based on simulation outcomes, a scaling law model for beam expansion induced by linear atmospheric transmission effects was clearly established. The model closely matched the simulation data, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.88. Compared with existing scaling law simulations, the proposed calibration expression significantly enhances the accuracy in predicting and evaluating beam expansion caused by linear atmospheric transmission effects. It also provides a more precise characterization of variations in beam expansion during laser transmission.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Photonics
spelling doaj-art-306ae00b6d2c4b6cb4c312e35cb2686c2025-08-20T01:56:39ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-05-0112551110.3390/photonics12050511A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric TransmissionXin Ye0Chengyu Fan1Wenyue Zhu2Pengfei Zhang3Xianmei Qian4Jinghui Zhang5Tao Jiang6Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaNumerical simulations were performed to rapidly predict and evaluate laser beam expansion caused by linear atmospheric transmission effects, such as turbulence and jitter, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the scaling law. Simulation results indicate that the turbulence term coefficient in the beam expansion calibration expression correlates linearly with the initial beam mass and inversely with the transmission distance. By fitting a nonlinear surface, the relationship between the turbulence term coefficient, initial beam mass, and transmission distance was established. Additionally, under turbulence-free conditions, a calibration expression relating initial beam mass to transmission distance was derived. The tracking jitter-term coefficient was determined to be 3.69, effectively characterizing beam expansion due to system jitter error. Based on simulation outcomes, a scaling law model for beam expansion induced by linear atmospheric transmission effects was clearly established. The model closely matched the simulation data, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.88. Compared with existing scaling law simulations, the proposed calibration expression significantly enhances the accuracy in predicting and evaluating beam expansion caused by linear atmospheric transmission effects. It also provides a more precise characterization of variations in beam expansion during laser transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/511laser transmissionbeam qualityturbulence effecttracking jitter errorscaling law
spellingShingle Xin Ye
Chengyu Fan
Wenyue Zhu
Pengfei Zhang
Xianmei Qian
Jinghui Zhang
Tao Jiang
A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric Transmission
Photonics
laser transmission
beam quality
turbulence effect
tracking jitter error
scaling law
title A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric Transmission
title_full A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric Transmission
title_fullStr A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric Transmission
title_full_unstemmed A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric Transmission
title_short A Preliminary Study on the Principle of Linear Effect Scaling Laws for Laser Atmospheric Transmission
title_sort preliminary study on the principle of linear effect scaling laws for laser atmospheric transmission
topic laser transmission
beam quality
turbulence effect
tracking jitter error
scaling law
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/511
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