Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to identify the clinical factors associated with serum trough concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) and to determine the impact of CDP-1 on chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) results among patients with chro...

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Main Authors: Xiqiao Xu, Chunjing Yang, Jingfeng Li, Li Bao, Zhengyuan Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04101-7
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author Xiqiao Xu
Chunjing Yang
Jingfeng Li
Li Bao
Zhengyuan Shi
author_facet Xiqiao Xu
Chunjing Yang
Jingfeng Li
Li Bao
Zhengyuan Shi
author_sort Xiqiao Xu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The aim of this study was to identify the clinical factors associated with serum trough concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) and to determine the impact of CDP-1 on chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) results among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods In this retrospective observational study, patients with CKD who were receiving vancomycin intravenously were included if steady-state serum trough levels of vancomycin were available. Patients were allocated to three groups on the basis of their estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) on the day of trough level monitoring: G1 (60 < eCrCl ≤ 90 mL/min), G2 (30 < eCrCl ≤ 60 mL/min), and G3 (eCrCl ≤ 30 mL/min). CDP-1 serum concentrations were determined via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS/MS). Vancomycin serum concentrations measured via CMIA were compared with those measured via UPLC‒MS/MS. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the CDP-1 concentration and the ratio of vancomycin concentration determined via CMIA to vancomycin concentration via UPLC‒MS/MS (VCMIA/VUPLC-MS/MS). Results Among the 167 patients included, 49 (29.34%), 69 (41.32%), and 49 (29.34%) were allocated to G1, G2, and G3, respectively. There were significant differences in the CDP-1 trough concentrations and VCMIA/VUPLC-MS/MS ratios between the three groups. In the multivariate analysis, eCrCl levels (P < 0.001), the time interval from the initial dose to the trough level (P < 0.001), and vancomycin dose (P < 0.001) were associated with CDP-1 trough concentrations. The CDP-1 trough concentration was positively associated with the VCMIA/VUPLC-MS/MS ratio (P = 0.002). Conclusions Delayed timing of trough level sampling could contribute to increased CDP-1 levels and the overestimation of vancomycin levels, especially in patients with severe deterioration in renal function. It may be necessary to increase the frequency of TDM and select quantitative methods to measure vancomycin serum levels without interfering with CDP-1.
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spelling doaj-art-3068d500969646c1ade4b1bc077bfc9d2025-08-20T02:17:01ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692025-04-012611810.1186/s12882-025-04101-7Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney diseaseXiqiao Xu0Chunjing Yang1Jingfeng Li2Li Bao3Zhengyuan Shi4Department of pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background The aim of this study was to identify the clinical factors associated with serum trough concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) and to determine the impact of CDP-1 on chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) results among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods In this retrospective observational study, patients with CKD who were receiving vancomycin intravenously were included if steady-state serum trough levels of vancomycin were available. Patients were allocated to three groups on the basis of their estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) on the day of trough level monitoring: G1 (60 < eCrCl ≤ 90 mL/min), G2 (30 < eCrCl ≤ 60 mL/min), and G3 (eCrCl ≤ 30 mL/min). CDP-1 serum concentrations were determined via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS/MS). Vancomycin serum concentrations measured via CMIA were compared with those measured via UPLC‒MS/MS. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the CDP-1 concentration and the ratio of vancomycin concentration determined via CMIA to vancomycin concentration via UPLC‒MS/MS (VCMIA/VUPLC-MS/MS). Results Among the 167 patients included, 49 (29.34%), 69 (41.32%), and 49 (29.34%) were allocated to G1, G2, and G3, respectively. There were significant differences in the CDP-1 trough concentrations and VCMIA/VUPLC-MS/MS ratios between the three groups. In the multivariate analysis, eCrCl levels (P < 0.001), the time interval from the initial dose to the trough level (P < 0.001), and vancomycin dose (P < 0.001) were associated with CDP-1 trough concentrations. The CDP-1 trough concentration was positively associated with the VCMIA/VUPLC-MS/MS ratio (P = 0.002). Conclusions Delayed timing of trough level sampling could contribute to increased CDP-1 levels and the overestimation of vancomycin levels, especially in patients with severe deterioration in renal function. It may be necessary to increase the frequency of TDM and select quantitative methods to measure vancomycin serum levels without interfering with CDP-1.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04101-7Crystalline degradation productChronic kidney diseaseChemiluminescence microparticle immunoassayVancomycinTherapeutic drug monitoring
spellingShingle Xiqiao Xu
Chunjing Yang
Jingfeng Li
Li Bao
Zhengyuan Shi
Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney disease
BMC Nephrology
Crystalline degradation product
Chronic kidney disease
Chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay
Vancomycin
Therapeutic drug monitoring
title Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney disease
title_full Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney disease
title_fullStr Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney disease
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney disease
title_short Factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product (CDP-1) among patients with chronic kidney disease
title_sort factors associated with serum concentrations of vancomycin crystalline degradation product cdp 1 among patients with chronic kidney disease
topic Crystalline degradation product
Chronic kidney disease
Chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay
Vancomycin
Therapeutic drug monitoring
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04101-7
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