Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/Iraq
Samples from Garmiyan located in Kurdistan region of Iraq were collected and investigated concerning their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Eight samples from five different locations have been taken based on the experience of villagers who used these materials for bathing to soften...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Kuwait Journal of Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823001207 |
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| author | Dler M.S. Shwan Fouad M. Qadr Stephan Kaufhold Kristian Ufer |
| author_facet | Dler M.S. Shwan Fouad M. Qadr Stephan Kaufhold Kristian Ufer |
| author_sort | Dler M.S. Shwan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Samples from Garmiyan located in Kurdistan region of Iraq were collected and investigated concerning their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Eight samples from five different locations have been taken based on the experience of villagers who used these materials for bathing to soften their hair as an alternative to shampoo. Some of these materials are locally termed “Gllasar”, meaning “head mud”. The samples were analyzed by XRD, XRF, FTIR, STA, CEC, and concerning their C- and S-content. The results show that some of the materials can be classified as bentonites because they are predominantly composed of smectite with minor contents of carbonates, quartz, dolomite, kaolinite, plagioclase, chlorite, and feldspar. Three out of the eight samples showed smectite contents higher than 60 mass% and hence can be considered promising raw materials. Future work will be devoted to investigation of reserves in the deposit and application tests. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-30558b3898fe414d9019490fdfa36f2d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2307-4116 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Kuwait Journal of Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-30558b3898fe414d9019490fdfa36f2d2025-08-20T02:24:22ZengElsevierKuwait Journal of Science2307-41162023-10-01504731738https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2023.07.006Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/IraqDler M.S. Shwan0Fouad M. Qadr1Stephan Kaufhold2Kristian Ufer3Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, IraqDepartment of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, IraqFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, GermanyFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, GermanySamples from Garmiyan located in Kurdistan region of Iraq were collected and investigated concerning their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Eight samples from five different locations have been taken based on the experience of villagers who used these materials for bathing to soften their hair as an alternative to shampoo. Some of these materials are locally termed “Gllasar”, meaning “head mud”. The samples were analyzed by XRD, XRF, FTIR, STA, CEC, and concerning their C- and S-content. The results show that some of the materials can be classified as bentonites because they are predominantly composed of smectite with minor contents of carbonates, quartz, dolomite, kaolinite, plagioclase, chlorite, and feldspar. Three out of the eight samples showed smectite contents higher than 60 mass% and hence can be considered promising raw materials. Future work will be devoted to investigation of reserves in the deposit and application tests.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823001207bentonitesmectitecharacterizationsmineralogical propertiesgarmiyankurdistan |
| spellingShingle | Dler M.S. Shwan Fouad M. Qadr Stephan Kaufhold Kristian Ufer Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/Iraq Kuwait Journal of Science bentonite smectite characterizations mineralogical properties garmiyan kurdistan |
| title | Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/Iraq |
| title_full | Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/Iraq |
| title_short | Exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of Garmiyan-Kurdistan/Iraq |
| title_sort | exploration and characterization of local raw bentonite of a part of garmiyan kurdistan iraq |
| topic | bentonite smectite characterizations mineralogical properties garmiyan kurdistan |
| url | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823001207 |
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