Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal Disease

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive form of interstitial nephritis associated with the use of medicinal plants from the Aristolochiaceae family, which contain aristolochic acid (AA) and environmental pollutants. It was first discovered in Belgium in the 1990s and is associat...

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Main Authors: Juan José Reinoso-Calle, Christian Anthony Laso-Barrera, Jhomayra Michelle Segovia-Valdiviezo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Emergency Department of Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, Spain) 2025-04-01
Series:Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2025.0012
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author Juan José Reinoso-Calle
Christian Anthony Laso-Barrera
Jhomayra Michelle Segovia-Valdiviezo
author_facet Juan José Reinoso-Calle
Christian Anthony Laso-Barrera
Jhomayra Michelle Segovia-Valdiviezo
author_sort Juan José Reinoso-Calle
collection DOAJ
description Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive form of interstitial nephritis associated with the use of medicinal plants from the Aristolochiaceae family, which contain aristolochic acid (AA) and environmental pollutants. It was first discovered in Belgium in the 1990s and is associated with progressive renal fibrosis and a high risk of urothelial carcinoma. Development and discussion: AAN is a toxic kidney disease associated with the consumption of medicinal plants with AA or contaminated food. It is characterized by progressive interstitial nephritis, renal fibrosis and an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma. Its pathogenesis includes mitochondrial DNA damage, TP53 mutations, inflammation and fibrosis. Clinically, the disease presents as progressive renal disease in chronic forms, acute renal damage after massive ingestion or mild tubular dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on the history of exposure, clinical findings, renal biopsy and urinary biomarkers. Complications include urothelial carcinoma, severe fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. Treatment requires elimination of AA exposure, oncologic surveillance, and advanced renal support. This emphasizes the need for targeted therapies to slow disease progression and improve prognosis. AAN is a multifactorial disease with severe renal impact and high oncologic morbidity. Prevention, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
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spelling doaj-art-3051ecbf16214d588e1cb8f93269f4962025-08-20T02:24:58ZengEmergency Department of Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, Spain)Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine2695-50752025-04-0172536310.53986/ibjm.2025.0012Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal DiseaseJuan José Reinoso-Calle0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-6807Christian Anthony Laso-Barrera1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0046-7159Jhomayra Michelle Segovia-Valdiviezo2https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1296-3625 Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, EcuadorAristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive form of interstitial nephritis associated with the use of medicinal plants from the Aristolochiaceae family, which contain aristolochic acid (AA) and environmental pollutants. It was first discovered in Belgium in the 1990s and is associated with progressive renal fibrosis and a high risk of urothelial carcinoma. Development and discussion: AAN is a toxic kidney disease associated with the consumption of medicinal plants with AA or contaminated food. It is characterized by progressive interstitial nephritis, renal fibrosis and an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma. Its pathogenesis includes mitochondrial DNA damage, TP53 mutations, inflammation and fibrosis. Clinically, the disease presents as progressive renal disease in chronic forms, acute renal damage after massive ingestion or mild tubular dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on the history of exposure, clinical findings, renal biopsy and urinary biomarkers. Complications include urothelial carcinoma, severe fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. Treatment requires elimination of AA exposure, oncologic surveillance, and advanced renal support. This emphasizes the need for targeted therapies to slow disease progression and improve prognosis. AAN is a multifactorial disease with severe renal impact and high oncologic morbidity. Prevention, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.https://doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2025.0012aristolochic acidaristolochic acid nephropathyprogressive renal diseaserenal fibrosisurothelial carcinoma
spellingShingle Juan José Reinoso-Calle
Christian Anthony Laso-Barrera
Jhomayra Michelle Segovia-Valdiviezo
Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal Disease
Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
aristolochic acid
aristolochic acid nephropathy
progressive renal disease
renal fibrosis
urothelial carcinoma
title Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal Disease
title_full Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal Disease
title_fullStr Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal Disease
title_full_unstemmed Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal Disease
title_short Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Challenges in a Progressive Renal Disease
title_sort aristolochic acid nephropathy molecular mechanisms clinical impact and therapeutic challenges in a progressive renal disease
topic aristolochic acid
aristolochic acid nephropathy
progressive renal disease
renal fibrosis
urothelial carcinoma
url https://doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2025.0012
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