Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina
The non-availability of research data in North-central Nigeria coupled with the toxic and prevalent nature of ochratoxin A makes it necessary to quantity and identify possible remediative techniques that are effective, less toxic, locally available, cost friendly and easy to deploy. This research w...
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Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
2025-08-01
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| Series: | African Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/294 |
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| author | OLUWAGBENGA ANIFOWOSE Bitrus W Tukura Obaje D Opaluwa |
| author_facet | OLUWAGBENGA ANIFOWOSE Bitrus W Tukura Obaje D Opaluwa |
| author_sort | OLUWAGBENGA ANIFOWOSE |
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The non-availability of research data in North-central Nigeria coupled with the toxic and prevalent nature of ochratoxin A makes it necessary to quantity and identify possible remediative techniques that are effective, less toxic, locally available, cost friendly and easy to deploy. This research was aimed at evaluating the potency of phytochemical remediation on ochratoxin A (OTA) in stored rice and maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina. High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Ultraviolet/Visible detector (HPLC-UV/Vis spectroscopy) was employed in the determination of the detoxification levels of the OTA in the samples. Phytochemical constituents in the plant extracts were quantified using standard methods. Phytochemical concentrations ranged from 27.83 ± 1.53 – 184.73 ± 0.06 mg/g and 23.00 ± 1.00 – 171.67 ± 3.06 mg/g in the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina respectively. The levels of phytochemicals in Moringa oleifera extract were statistically (p ≤ 0.05) higher than in Vernonia amygdalina extract. OTA was present in all the samples with residual concentrations of 32.93 ± 2.02 and 39.23 ± 5.68 µg/kg in the stored rice and maize samples respectively. Detoxification using 1 – 5 mg/cm3 of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract ranged from 34.80 (21.47 ± 1.76 µg/kg) to 56.67 % (14.27 ± 1.09 µg/kg) in rice and 38.87 (23.98 ± 0.95 µg/kg) to 58.45 % (16.30 ± 3.18 µg/kg) in maize while, detoxification using 1 – 5 mg/cm3 of Moringa oleifera leaf extract were ranged from 57.18 (14.10 ± 0.85 µg/kg) to 72.12 % (9.18 ± 0.30 µg/kg) in rice and 53.28 (18.33 ± 0.58 µg/kg) to 70.89 % (11.42 ± 1.52 µg/kg) in maize respectively. Detoxification efficiency of ethanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera on OTA increased with increasing concentrations of the extracts. Phytochemical detoxification of OTA in the stored rice and maize samples were observed to be efficient and promising with a detoxification order Moringa oleifera > Vernonia amygdalina.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-304cc973800147a596c55ed05f5efdce |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2955-1625 2955-1617 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences |
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| series | African Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-304cc973800147a596c55ed05f5efdce2025-08-24T00:01:04ZengNigerian Society of Physical SciencesAfrican Scientific Reports2955-16252955-16172025-08-014210.46481/asr.2025.4.2.294Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalinaOLUWAGBENGA ANIFOWOSEBitrus W TukuraObaje D Opaluwa The non-availability of research data in North-central Nigeria coupled with the toxic and prevalent nature of ochratoxin A makes it necessary to quantity and identify possible remediative techniques that are effective, less toxic, locally available, cost friendly and easy to deploy. This research was aimed at evaluating the potency of phytochemical remediation on ochratoxin A (OTA) in stored rice and maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina. High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Ultraviolet/Visible detector (HPLC-UV/Vis spectroscopy) was employed in the determination of the detoxification levels of the OTA in the samples. Phytochemical constituents in the plant extracts were quantified using standard methods. Phytochemical concentrations ranged from 27.83 ± 1.53 – 184.73 ± 0.06 mg/g and 23.00 ± 1.00 – 171.67 ± 3.06 mg/g in the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina respectively. The levels of phytochemicals in Moringa oleifera extract were statistically (p ≤ 0.05) higher than in Vernonia amygdalina extract. OTA was present in all the samples with residual concentrations of 32.93 ± 2.02 and 39.23 ± 5.68 µg/kg in the stored rice and maize samples respectively. Detoxification using 1 – 5 mg/cm3 of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract ranged from 34.80 (21.47 ± 1.76 µg/kg) to 56.67 % (14.27 ± 1.09 µg/kg) in rice and 38.87 (23.98 ± 0.95 µg/kg) to 58.45 % (16.30 ± 3.18 µg/kg) in maize while, detoxification using 1 – 5 mg/cm3 of Moringa oleifera leaf extract were ranged from 57.18 (14.10 ± 0.85 µg/kg) to 72.12 % (9.18 ± 0.30 µg/kg) in rice and 53.28 (18.33 ± 0.58 µg/kg) to 70.89 % (11.42 ± 1.52 µg/kg) in maize respectively. Detoxification efficiency of ethanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera on OTA increased with increasing concentrations of the extracts. Phytochemical detoxification of OTA in the stored rice and maize samples were observed to be efficient and promising with a detoxification order Moringa oleifera > Vernonia amygdalina. https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/294MycotoxinsOchratoxin ADetoxificationPhytochemicals |
| spellingShingle | OLUWAGBENGA ANIFOWOSE Bitrus W Tukura Obaje D Opaluwa Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina African Scientific Reports Mycotoxins Ochratoxin A Detoxification Phytochemicals |
| title | Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina |
| title_full | Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina |
| title_fullStr | Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina |
| title_short | Detoxification of Ochratoxin A in Rice and Maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina |
| title_sort | detoxification of ochratoxin a in rice and maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of moringa oleifera and vernonia amygdalina |
| topic | Mycotoxins Ochratoxin A Detoxification Phytochemicals |
| url | https://asr.nsps.org.ng/index.php/asr/article/view/294 |
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