Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude
Thermospheric mass densities are investigated to explore their responses to solar irradiance and geomagnetic activity during the period from 31 October to 7 November 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) payload and an ionization gauge mounted on the Orbital Neutral...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Yujiao Jin Xianguo Zhang Maosheng He Yongping Li Xiangguang Meng Jiangzhao Ai Bowen Wang Xinyue Wang Yueqiang Sun |
| author_facet | Yujiao Jin Xianguo Zhang Maosheng He Yongping Li Xiangguang Meng Jiangzhao Ai Bowen Wang Xinyue Wang Yueqiang Sun |
| author_sort | Yujiao Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thermospheric mass densities are investigated to explore their responses to solar irradiance and geomagnetic activity during the period from 31 October to 7 November 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) payload and an ionization gauge mounted on the Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector (OAD) payload onboard the QQ-Satellite, thermospheric mass densities are derived through two independent means: precise orbit determination (POD) and pressure measurements. For the first time, observations of these two techniques are compared and analyzed in this study to demonstrate similarities and differences. Both techniques exhibit similar spatial–temporal variations, with clear dependences on local solar time (LT). However, the hemispheric asymmetry is almost absent in simulations from the NRLMSISE-00 and DTM94 models compared with observations. At high latitudes, density enhancements of observations and simulations are shown, characterized by periodic bulge structures. In contrast, only the OAD-derived densities exhibit wave-like disturbances that propagate from two poles to lower latitudes during geomagnetic storm periods, suggesting a connection to traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs). Over the long term, thermospheric mass densities derived from the two means of POD and the OAD show good agreements, yet prominent discrepancies emerge during specific periods and under different space-weather conditions. We propose possible interpretations as well as suggestions for utilizing these two means. Significantly, neutral winds should be considered in both methods, particularly at high latitudes and under storm conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-303f82310bbd4c05b051a21a517eeaa4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-303f82310bbd4c05b051a21a517eeaa42025-01-10T13:20:13ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011719810.3390/rs17010098Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km AltitudeYujiao Jin0Xianguo Zhang1Maosheng He2Yongping Li3Xiangguang Meng4Jiangzhao Ai5Bowen Wang6Xinyue Wang7Yueqiang Sun8National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaThermospheric mass densities are investigated to explore their responses to solar irradiance and geomagnetic activity during the period from 31 October to 7 November 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) payload and an ionization gauge mounted on the Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector (OAD) payload onboard the QQ-Satellite, thermospheric mass densities are derived through two independent means: precise orbit determination (POD) and pressure measurements. For the first time, observations of these two techniques are compared and analyzed in this study to demonstrate similarities and differences. Both techniques exhibit similar spatial–temporal variations, with clear dependences on local solar time (LT). However, the hemispheric asymmetry is almost absent in simulations from the NRLMSISE-00 and DTM94 models compared with observations. At high latitudes, density enhancements of observations and simulations are shown, characterized by periodic bulge structures. In contrast, only the OAD-derived densities exhibit wave-like disturbances that propagate from two poles to lower latitudes during geomagnetic storm periods, suggesting a connection to traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs). Over the long term, thermospheric mass densities derived from the two means of POD and the OAD show good agreements, yet prominent discrepancies emerge during specific periods and under different space-weather conditions. We propose possible interpretations as well as suggestions for utilizing these two means. Significantly, neutral winds should be considered in both methods, particularly at high latitudes and under storm conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/98thermospheric mass densityprecise orbit determinationionization gaugeGNSSspherical satellitedifference analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yujiao Jin Xianguo Zhang Maosheng He Yongping Li Xiangguang Meng Jiangzhao Ai Bowen Wang Xinyue Wang Yueqiang Sun Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude Remote Sensing thermospheric mass density precise orbit determination ionization gauge GNSS spherical satellite difference analysis |
| title | Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude |
| title_full | Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude |
| title_fullStr | Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude |
| title_short | Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude |
| title_sort | comparisons and analyses of thermospheric mass densities derived from global navigation satellite system precise orbit determination and an ionization gauge orbital neutral atmospheric detector onboard a spherical satellite at 520 km altitude |
| topic | thermospheric mass density precise orbit determination ionization gauge GNSS spherical satellite difference analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/98 |
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