Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoT

Node localization is a critical challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The DV-Hop algorithm, which relies on hop counts for localization, assumes that network nodes are uniformly distributed. It estimates actual distances between nodes based on the number of hops. However, in practical...

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Main Authors: Haixu Niu, Yonghai Li, Shuaixin Hou, Tianfei Chen, Lijun Sun, Mingyang Gu, Muhammad Irsyad Abdullah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Future Internet
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/6/253
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author Haixu Niu
Yonghai Li
Shuaixin Hou
Tianfei Chen
Lijun Sun
Mingyang Gu
Muhammad Irsyad Abdullah
author_facet Haixu Niu
Yonghai Li
Shuaixin Hou
Tianfei Chen
Lijun Sun
Mingyang Gu
Muhammad Irsyad Abdullah
author_sort Haixu Niu
collection DOAJ
description Node localization is a critical challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The DV-Hop algorithm, which relies on hop counts for localization, assumes that network nodes are uniformly distributed. It estimates actual distances between nodes based on the number of hops. However, in practical IoT networks, node distribution is often non-uniform, leading to complex and irregular topologies that significantly reduce the localization accuracy of the original DV-Hop algorithm. To improve localization performance in non-uniform topologies, we propose an enhanced DV-Hop algorithm using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). First, the impact of non-uniform node distribution on hop count and average hop distance is analyzed. A binary Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (BGWO) is then applied to develop an optimal anchor node selection strategy. This strategy eliminates anchor nodes with high estimation errors and selects a subset of high-quality anchors to improve the localization of unknown nodes. Second, in the multilateration stage, the traditional least square method is replaced by a continuous GWO algorithm to solve the distance equations with higher precision. Simulated experimental results show that the proposed GWO-enhanced DV-Hop algorithm significantly improves localization accuracy in non-uniform topologies.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Future Internet
spelling doaj-art-3027dcc2ad4a480c8fced9d22fcc590d2025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGFuture Internet1999-59032025-06-0117625310.3390/fi17060253Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoTHaixu Niu0Yonghai Li1Shuaixin Hou2Tianfei Chen3Lijun Sun4Mingyang Gu5Muhammad Irsyad Abdullah6Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, MalaysiaSchool of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaFaculty of Information Science and Engineering, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, MalaysiaNode localization is a critical challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The DV-Hop algorithm, which relies on hop counts for localization, assumes that network nodes are uniformly distributed. It estimates actual distances between nodes based on the number of hops. However, in practical IoT networks, node distribution is often non-uniform, leading to complex and irregular topologies that significantly reduce the localization accuracy of the original DV-Hop algorithm. To improve localization performance in non-uniform topologies, we propose an enhanced DV-Hop algorithm using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). First, the impact of non-uniform node distribution on hop count and average hop distance is analyzed. A binary Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (BGWO) is then applied to develop an optimal anchor node selection strategy. This strategy eliminates anchor nodes with high estimation errors and selects a subset of high-quality anchors to improve the localization of unknown nodes. Second, in the multilateration stage, the traditional least square method is replaced by a continuous GWO algorithm to solve the distance equations with higher precision. Simulated experimental results show that the proposed GWO-enhanced DV-Hop algorithm significantly improves localization accuracy in non-uniform topologies.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/6/253Internet of Thingsnode localizationDV-Hopanchor node selection
spellingShingle Haixu Niu
Yonghai Li
Shuaixin Hou
Tianfei Chen
Lijun Sun
Mingyang Gu
Muhammad Irsyad Abdullah
Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoT
Future Internet
Internet of Things
node localization
DV-Hop
anchor node selection
title Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoT
title_full Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoT
title_fullStr Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoT
title_full_unstemmed Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoT
title_short Topology-Aware Anchor Node Selection Optimization for Enhanced DV-Hop Localization in IoT
title_sort topology aware anchor node selection optimization for enhanced dv hop localization in iot
topic Internet of Things
node localization
DV-Hop
anchor node selection
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/6/253
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