Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing Factors

Abstract Mercury (Hg) is among the most toxic metals possessing a major threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems over the globe. However, measurement of Hg concentrations and seasonal variability remain poorly understood over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in northern India. In this study, we pr...

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Main Authors: Junming Guo, Kirpa Ram, Lekhendra Tripathee, Shichang Kang, Jie Huang, Pengfei Chen, Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2020-06-01
Series:Aerosol and Air Quality Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.12.0630
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author Junming Guo
Kirpa Ram
Lekhendra Tripathee
Shichang Kang
Jie Huang
Pengfei Chen
Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
author_facet Junming Guo
Kirpa Ram
Lekhendra Tripathee
Shichang Kang
Jie Huang
Pengfei Chen
Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
author_sort Junming Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mercury (Hg) is among the most toxic metals possessing a major threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems over the globe. However, measurement of Hg concentrations and seasonal variability remain poorly understood over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in northern India. In this study, we present one-year data of particulate-bound mercury (HgP) in aerosol samples (PM10) collected from Kanpur to understand seasonal variability and factors influencing concentration, as well as dry deposition flux. The HgP concentration exhibit a large temporal variability and ranged between 100 (on 14 June 2007) to 4340 pg m−3 (on 4 March 2007) with an annual average concentration of HgP is 776 ± 846 pg m−3. The HgP concentrations and HgP/PM10 ratios showed a marked seasonality with the highest in winter (Dec-Feb) followed by post-monsoon (Oct–Nov) and summer (April–June) seasons. HgP and HgP/PM10 were positively correlated (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.05, N = 58) during the sampling period and the estimated dry deposition flux of HgP was 104.7 µg m−2 y−1. Although this study provides a comprehensive data set on HgP in an urban atmosphere of the IGP revealing high levels of HgP, measurement of gaseous Hg is needed for estimation of the total Hg budget. Therefore, future studies should focus on identification of different sources as well as emission characteristics of all forms of Hg (organic and inorganic forms) for better mitigation strategy to prevent health risks associated with toxic Hg in the region.
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spelling doaj-art-302075f0cf2a47fc971e42c380ea83bd2025-08-20T03:10:57ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092020-06-0120122729274010.4209/aaqr.2019.12.0630Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing FactorsJunming Guo0Kirpa Ram1Lekhendra Tripathee2Shichang Kang3Jie Huang4Pengfei Chen5Prakriti Sharma Ghimire6State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu UniversityState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth SciencesState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Abstract Mercury (Hg) is among the most toxic metals possessing a major threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems over the globe. However, measurement of Hg concentrations and seasonal variability remain poorly understood over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in northern India. In this study, we present one-year data of particulate-bound mercury (HgP) in aerosol samples (PM10) collected from Kanpur to understand seasonal variability and factors influencing concentration, as well as dry deposition flux. The HgP concentration exhibit a large temporal variability and ranged between 100 (on 14 June 2007) to 4340 pg m−3 (on 4 March 2007) with an annual average concentration of HgP is 776 ± 846 pg m−3. The HgP concentrations and HgP/PM10 ratios showed a marked seasonality with the highest in winter (Dec-Feb) followed by post-monsoon (Oct–Nov) and summer (April–June) seasons. HgP and HgP/PM10 were positively correlated (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.05, N = 58) during the sampling period and the estimated dry deposition flux of HgP was 104.7 µg m−2 y−1. Although this study provides a comprehensive data set on HgP in an urban atmosphere of the IGP revealing high levels of HgP, measurement of gaseous Hg is needed for estimation of the total Hg budget. Therefore, future studies should focus on identification of different sources as well as emission characteristics of all forms of Hg (organic and inorganic forms) for better mitigation strategy to prevent health risks associated with toxic Hg in the region.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.12.0630Particulate mercuryAerosolDry deposition fluxIndo-Gangetic PlainSouth Asia
spellingShingle Junming Guo
Kirpa Ram
Lekhendra Tripathee
Shichang Kang
Jie Huang
Pengfei Chen
Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing Factors
Aerosol and Air Quality Research
Particulate mercury
Aerosol
Dry deposition flux
Indo-Gangetic Plain
South Asia
title Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing Factors
title_full Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing Factors
title_fullStr Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing Factors
title_full_unstemmed Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing Factors
title_short Study on Mercury in PM10 at an Urban Site in the Central Indo-Gangetic Plain: Seasonal Variability and Influencing Factors
title_sort study on mercury in pm10 at an urban site in the central indo gangetic plain seasonal variability and influencing factors
topic Particulate mercury
Aerosol
Dry deposition flux
Indo-Gangetic Plain
South Asia
url https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.12.0630
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