High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution Characteristics
This study investigates measurement methods for and the distribution characteristics of normal stress within tire–road contact areas. A novel measurement method, integrating 3D scanning technology with bearing area curve (BAC) analysis, is proposed. This method quantifies the rubber penetration dept...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Lubricants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/7/309 |
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| author | Liang Song Xixian Wu Zijie Xie Jie Gao Di Yun Zongjian Lei |
| author_facet | Liang Song Xixian Wu Zijie Xie Jie Gao Di Yun Zongjian Lei |
| author_sort | Liang Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates measurement methods for and the distribution characteristics of normal stress within tire–road contact areas. A novel measurement method, integrating 3D scanning technology with bearing area curve (BAC) analysis, is proposed. This method quantifies the rubber penetration depth and calculates contact stress based on rubber deformation. The key innovation of this method lies in this integrated methodology for high-precision stress mapping. In the spatial domain, stress distribution is characterized by the percentage of area occupied by different stress intervals, while in the frequency domain, stress levels are analyzed at various frequencies. The results demonstrate that as the Mean Profile Depth (MPD) of the road texture increases, the areas under stress greater than 1.0 MPa increase, while the areas under stress less than 0.8 MPa decrease. However, when the MPD exceeds 0.7 mm, this effect becomes less pronounced. Higher loads and harder rubber reduce the proportion of areas under lower stress and increase the proportion under higher stress. Low-frequency (<800 1/m) stress components increase with an MPD up to 0.7 mm, beyond which they exhibit diminished sensitivity. Stress at the same frequency is not significantly affected by load variation but increases markedly with increasing rubber hardness. This research provides crucial insights into contact stress distribution, establishing a foundation for analyzing road friction and optimizing surface texture design oriented towards high-friction pavements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-301d49114ca14e8da174dd3e5151c01e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-4442 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lubricants |
| spelling | doaj-art-301d49114ca14e8da174dd3e5151c01e2025-08-20T03:08:09ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422025-07-0113730910.3390/lubricants13070309High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution CharacteristicsLiang Song0Xixian Wu1Zijie Xie2Jie Gao3Di Yun4Zongjian Lei5School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaSchool of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaSchool of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaSchool of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaHubei Provincial Expressway Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430050, ChinaThis study investigates measurement methods for and the distribution characteristics of normal stress within tire–road contact areas. A novel measurement method, integrating 3D scanning technology with bearing area curve (BAC) analysis, is proposed. This method quantifies the rubber penetration depth and calculates contact stress based on rubber deformation. The key innovation of this method lies in this integrated methodology for high-precision stress mapping. In the spatial domain, stress distribution is characterized by the percentage of area occupied by different stress intervals, while in the frequency domain, stress levels are analyzed at various frequencies. The results demonstrate that as the Mean Profile Depth (MPD) of the road texture increases, the areas under stress greater than 1.0 MPa increase, while the areas under stress less than 0.8 MPa decrease. However, when the MPD exceeds 0.7 mm, this effect becomes less pronounced. Higher loads and harder rubber reduce the proportion of areas under lower stress and increase the proportion under higher stress. Low-frequency (<800 1/m) stress components increase with an MPD up to 0.7 mm, beyond which they exhibit diminished sensitivity. Stress at the same frequency is not significantly affected by load variation but increases markedly with increasing rubber hardness. This research provides crucial insights into contact stress distribution, establishing a foundation for analyzing road friction and optimizing surface texture design oriented towards high-friction pavements.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/7/309tire–road contactnormal stresstime–frequency domainroad texturemean profile depth |
| spellingShingle | Liang Song Xixian Wu Zijie Xie Jie Gao Di Yun Zongjian Lei High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution Characteristics Lubricants tire–road contact normal stress time–frequency domain road texture mean profile depth |
| title | High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution Characteristics |
| title_full | High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution Characteristics |
| title_fullStr | High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution Characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution Characteristics |
| title_short | High-Precision Normal Stress Measurement Methods for Tire–Road Contact and Its Spatial and Frequency Domain Distribution Characteristics |
| title_sort | high precision normal stress measurement methods for tire road contact and its spatial and frequency domain distribution characteristics |
| topic | tire–road contact normal stress time–frequency domain road texture mean profile depth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/7/309 |
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