Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive Function
Objective. Bilingualism has been shown to benefit executive function (EF) and delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aims at examining whether a bilingual advantage applies to EF in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method. In a cross-sectional outpatient cohort of monolingual English (n=57) and...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Parkinson's Disease |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/943572 |
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| _version_ | 1849693520369025024 |
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| author | John V. Hindle Pamela A. Martin-Forbes Alexandra J. M. Bastable Kirstie L. Pye Anthony Martyr Christopher J. Whitaker Fergus I. M. Craik Ellen Bialystok Enlli M. Thomas Virginia C. Mueller Gathercole Linda Clare |
| author_facet | John V. Hindle Pamela A. Martin-Forbes Alexandra J. M. Bastable Kirstie L. Pye Anthony Martyr Christopher J. Whitaker Fergus I. M. Craik Ellen Bialystok Enlli M. Thomas Virginia C. Mueller Gathercole Linda Clare |
| author_sort | John V. Hindle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. Bilingualism has been shown to benefit executive function (EF) and delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aims at examining whether a bilingual advantage applies to EF in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method. In a cross-sectional outpatient cohort of monolingual English (n=57) and bilingual Welsh/English (n=46) speakers with PD we evaluated the effects of bilingualism compared with monolingualism on performance on EF tasks. In bilinguals we also assessed the effects of the degree of daily usage of each language and the degree of bilingualism. Results. Monolinguals showed an advantage in performance of language tests. There were no differences in performance of EF tests in monolinguals and bilinguals. Those who used Welsh less in daily life had better performance on one test of English vocabulary. The degree of bilingualism correlated with one test of nonverbal reasoning and one of working memory but with no other tests of EF. Discussion. The reasons why the expected benefit in EF in Welsh-English bilinguals with PD was not found require further study. Future studies in PD should include other language pairs, analysis of the effects of the degree of bilingualism, and longitudinal analysis of cognitive decline or dementia together with structural or functional neuroimaging. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-301c6a73672a44ba96cbf0a48574ac8d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2090-8083 2042-0080 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parkinson's Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-301c6a73672a44ba96cbf0a48574ac8d2025-08-20T03:20:23ZengWileyParkinson's Disease2090-80832042-00802015-01-01201510.1155/2015/943572943572Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive FunctionJohn V. Hindle0Pamela A. Martin-Forbes1Alexandra J. M. Bastable2Kirstie L. Pye3Anthony Martyr4Christopher J. Whitaker5Fergus I. M. Craik6Ellen Bialystok7Enlli M. Thomas8Virginia C. Mueller Gathercole9Linda Clare10Bangor University, Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKBangor University, Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKBangor University, Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKBangor University, Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKUniversity of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QG, UKBangor University, Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKRotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, CanadaRotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, CanadaBangor University, Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKFlorida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USABangor University, Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKObjective. Bilingualism has been shown to benefit executive function (EF) and delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aims at examining whether a bilingual advantage applies to EF in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method. In a cross-sectional outpatient cohort of monolingual English (n=57) and bilingual Welsh/English (n=46) speakers with PD we evaluated the effects of bilingualism compared with monolingualism on performance on EF tasks. In bilinguals we also assessed the effects of the degree of daily usage of each language and the degree of bilingualism. Results. Monolinguals showed an advantage in performance of language tests. There were no differences in performance of EF tests in monolinguals and bilinguals. Those who used Welsh less in daily life had better performance on one test of English vocabulary. The degree of bilingualism correlated with one test of nonverbal reasoning and one of working memory but with no other tests of EF. Discussion. The reasons why the expected benefit in EF in Welsh-English bilinguals with PD was not found require further study. Future studies in PD should include other language pairs, analysis of the effects of the degree of bilingualism, and longitudinal analysis of cognitive decline or dementia together with structural or functional neuroimaging.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/943572 |
| spellingShingle | John V. Hindle Pamela A. Martin-Forbes Alexandra J. M. Bastable Kirstie L. Pye Anthony Martyr Christopher J. Whitaker Fergus I. M. Craik Ellen Bialystok Enlli M. Thomas Virginia C. Mueller Gathercole Linda Clare Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive Function Parkinson's Disease |
| title | Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive Function |
| title_full | Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive Function |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive Function |
| title_short | Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: The Effects of Welsh-English Bilingualism on Executive Function |
| title_sort | cognitive reserve in parkinson s disease the effects of welsh english bilingualism on executive function |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/943572 |
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