Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration

Abstract Optimizing the immune microenvironment is essential for successful implant osseointegration. In this study, four different nano/microstructures were fabricated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates by varying the agitation speed during sulfonation to influence osteoimmunomodulation and...

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Main Authors: Yuqing Zhao, Yanxin An, Fan Wu, Lipeng Liu, Franklin R. Tay, Yang Jiao, Jing Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03272-7
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author Yuqing Zhao
Yanxin An
Fan Wu
Lipeng Liu
Franklin R. Tay
Yang Jiao
Jing Wang
author_facet Yuqing Zhao
Yanxin An
Fan Wu
Lipeng Liu
Franklin R. Tay
Yang Jiao
Jing Wang
author_sort Yuqing Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Optimizing the immune microenvironment is essential for successful implant osseointegration. In this study, four different nano/microstructures were fabricated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates by varying the agitation speed during sulfonation to influence osteoimmunomodulation and implant integration. The results indicate that nano/microstructures with minimal dimensions (SP450) inhibit actin polymerization by reducing calcium influx through PIEZO1, activating the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Among the tested specimens, SP450 exhibited the lowest expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while releasing the highest levels of anti-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. This optimized immune environment promotes the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and enhances the osseointegration of PEEK implants. Transcriptomic analysis and validation experiment further revealed that SP450 inhibits osteoclastic differentiation by down-regulating transforming growth factor-β2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that manipulating the surface topography of PEEK implants is an effective strategy for enhancing osseointegration with promising clinical applications.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher BMC
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series Journal of Nanobiotechnology
spelling doaj-art-2ffde6c66b5842dc98328476604f48da2025-08-20T03:02:19ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-03-0123112210.1186/s12951-025-03272-7Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegrationYuqing Zhao0Yanxin An1Fan Wu2Lipeng Liu3Franklin R. Tay4Yang Jiao5Jing Wang6State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityDepartment of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityThe Graduate School, Augusta UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityAbstract Optimizing the immune microenvironment is essential for successful implant osseointegration. In this study, four different nano/microstructures were fabricated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates by varying the agitation speed during sulfonation to influence osteoimmunomodulation and implant integration. The results indicate that nano/microstructures with minimal dimensions (SP450) inhibit actin polymerization by reducing calcium influx through PIEZO1, activating the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Among the tested specimens, SP450 exhibited the lowest expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while releasing the highest levels of anti-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. This optimized immune environment promotes the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and enhances the osseointegration of PEEK implants. Transcriptomic analysis and validation experiment further revealed that SP450 inhibits osteoclastic differentiation by down-regulating transforming growth factor-β2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that manipulating the surface topography of PEEK implants is an effective strategy for enhancing osseointegration with promising clinical applications.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03272-7Macrophage polarizationNano/microstructuresOsteoimmunomodulationOsseointegrationPolyetheretherketone
spellingShingle Yuqing Zhao
Yanxin An
Fan Wu
Lipeng Liu
Franklin R. Tay
Yang Jiao
Jing Wang
Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Macrophage polarization
Nano/microstructures
Osteoimmunomodulation
Osseointegration
Polyetheretherketone
title Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration
title_full Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration
title_fullStr Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration
title_full_unstemmed Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration
title_short Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration
title_sort regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration
topic Macrophage polarization
Nano/microstructures
Osteoimmunomodulation
Osseointegration
Polyetheretherketone
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03272-7
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