Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpiece

To investigate motion analysis of an asymmetrical reciprocating system at different regions of a simulated curved canal comparatively, and to measure force and torque values on various simulated root canals by a reciprocating system. A customized data acquisition unit and target object were designed...

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Main Authors: Sezcan Yılmaz, Bünyamin Öztürk, Özgür Irmak, Ekim Onur Orhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001776
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author Sezcan Yılmaz
Bünyamin Öztürk
Özgür Irmak
Ekim Onur Orhan
author_facet Sezcan Yılmaz
Bünyamin Öztürk
Özgür Irmak
Ekim Onur Orhan
author_sort Sezcan Yılmaz
collection DOAJ
description To investigate motion analysis of an asymmetrical reciprocating system at different regions of a simulated curved canal comparatively, and to measure force and torque values on various simulated root canals by a reciprocating system. A customized data acquisition unit and target object were designed. An expert’s hands-on performance was recorded on various types of simulated root canals. In-the-canal motion analysis was detailed on curved canal. Data on motion kinematics were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, followed by the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner or one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey test where applicable (p < 0.05). Remarkably, no reverse torque occurred in the apical third of simulated root canals, although the motor continued reciprocation. Torque and force plot pattern of the J-type ellipse cross-sectional simulated root canals differed from the other three types of curved simulated root canals. A significant difference was observed in the median net cycle angles and engaging speeds (p < 0.05). Mainly, in-the-canal kinematics were affected by operation, and the tip of file did not rotate in the reverse direction at apex when manufacturer’s instructions were followed.
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issn 2215-0986
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
spelling doaj-art-2fe89923e48743de8acf31ebd5950d292025-08-20T03:56:41ZengElsevierEngineering Science and Technology, an International Journal2215-09862025-09-016910212210.1016/j.jestch.2025.102122Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpieceSezcan Yılmaz0Bünyamin Öztürk1Özgür Irmak2Ekim Onur Orhan3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, TurkeyDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, TRNC Mersin-10, CyprusDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Corresponding author at: Diş hekimliği Fakültesi, Endodonti Anabilim Dalı, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir TR26040, Turkey.To investigate motion analysis of an asymmetrical reciprocating system at different regions of a simulated curved canal comparatively, and to measure force and torque values on various simulated root canals by a reciprocating system. A customized data acquisition unit and target object were designed. An expert’s hands-on performance was recorded on various types of simulated root canals. In-the-canal motion analysis was detailed on curved canal. Data on motion kinematics were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, followed by the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner or one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey test where applicable (p < 0.05). Remarkably, no reverse torque occurred in the apical third of simulated root canals, although the motor continued reciprocation. Torque and force plot pattern of the J-type ellipse cross-sectional simulated root canals differed from the other three types of curved simulated root canals. A significant difference was observed in the median net cycle angles and engaging speeds (p < 0.05). Mainly, in-the-canal kinematics were affected by operation, and the tip of file did not rotate in the reverse direction at apex when manufacturer’s instructions were followed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001776KinematicsReciprocationTorque-controlled servomotorTorque-force measurementRotary instrument
spellingShingle Sezcan Yılmaz
Bünyamin Öztürk
Özgür Irmak
Ekim Onur Orhan
Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpiece
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
Kinematics
Reciprocation
Torque-controlled servomotor
Torque-force measurement
Rotary instrument
title Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpiece
title_full Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpiece
title_fullStr Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpiece
title_full_unstemmed Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpiece
title_short Force-torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the X-SmartPlus and 6:1 contra-angle handpiece
title_sort force torque and motion analysis of asymmetrical reciprocating endodontic system during canal shaping procedure with the x smartplus and 6 1 contra angle handpiece
topic Kinematics
Reciprocation
Torque-controlled servomotor
Torque-force measurement
Rotary instrument
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001776
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