Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid Production
The meat industry is one of the main sources of organic waste in the food processing sector. Due to their high content of biodegradable organic matter, these wastes represent a potentially valuable resource for the development of recycling and valorization processes, particularly with regard to the...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Sanaa Ouzakar Nadia Skali Senhaji Francesca Rigano Cinzia Cafarella Francesco Cacciola Luigi Mondello Jamal Abrini |
| author_facet | Sanaa Ouzakar Nadia Skali Senhaji Francesca Rigano Cinzia Cafarella Francesco Cacciola Luigi Mondello Jamal Abrini |
| author_sort | Sanaa Ouzakar |
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| description | The meat industry is one of the main sources of organic waste in the food processing sector. Due to their high content of biodegradable organic matter, these wastes represent a potentially valuable resource for the development of recycling and valorization processes, particularly with regard to the circular economy and environmental sustainability. The present study aimed at assessing the potential of natural sheep casings waste (NSCW) as a source of nitrogen for promoting the growth and lipid production of <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19, a marine microalga isolated from the Mediterranean coastline of northern Morocco. For this purpose, we evaluated the effects of different NSCW concentrations (0.25–5 g L<sup>−1</sup>) on the microalga growth, its ability to utilize organic waste components (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates) as nutrients, and its efficiency in eliminating nitrogen and phosphorus. Lipid and pigment contents were determined using colorimetric methods, and their composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS/MS). The results showed that <i>S. rubescens</i> MDP19 achieved the highest biomass production of 1.737 g L<sup>−1</sup> at an NSCW concentration of 5 g L<sup>−1</sup>. This strain removed 33.70–47.63% of protein, 71.84–87.62% of amino acids, 41.9–92.97% of carbohydrates, 59.72–99.30% of nitrogen, and 80.74–99.10% of phosphorus. Furthermore, <i>S. rubescens</i> MDP19 showed a significantly enhanced lipid content (68.11%) at an NSCW concentration of 0.5 g L<sup>−1</sup>. At this concentration, the lipid composition of <i>S. rubescens</i> MDP19 was particularly complex, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidylglycerols, and acylglycerols. The pigment profile includes neoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, chlorophyll a, geranylgeranyl chlorophyll a, chlorophyllide b, hydrochlorophyllide b, and pheophytin a. These results indicate that natural sheep casings waste represents a promising source of nitrogen, reducing the need for nutrient supplementation in microalgae production. This approach not only offers a sustainable and economical alternative for optimizing microalgae cultivation but also contributes to the valorization of organic waste, thus supporting more ecological and responsible practices. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2fe04055b702485994ec69a7fde406fe2025-08-20T03:29:40ZengMDPI AGRecycling2313-43212025-06-0110310910.3390/recycling10030109Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid ProductionSanaa Ouzakar0Nadia Skali Senhaji1Francesca Rigano2Cinzia Cafarella3Francesco Cacciola4Luigi Mondello5Jamal Abrini6Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Research Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, MoroccoBiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Research Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, MoroccoMessina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyMessina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyMessina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyMessina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyBiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Research Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, MoroccoThe meat industry is one of the main sources of organic waste in the food processing sector. Due to their high content of biodegradable organic matter, these wastes represent a potentially valuable resource for the development of recycling and valorization processes, particularly with regard to the circular economy and environmental sustainability. The present study aimed at assessing the potential of natural sheep casings waste (NSCW) as a source of nitrogen for promoting the growth and lipid production of <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19, a marine microalga isolated from the Mediterranean coastline of northern Morocco. For this purpose, we evaluated the effects of different NSCW concentrations (0.25–5 g L<sup>−1</sup>) on the microalga growth, its ability to utilize organic waste components (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates) as nutrients, and its efficiency in eliminating nitrogen and phosphorus. Lipid and pigment contents were determined using colorimetric methods, and their composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS/MS). The results showed that <i>S. rubescens</i> MDP19 achieved the highest biomass production of 1.737 g L<sup>−1</sup> at an NSCW concentration of 5 g L<sup>−1</sup>. This strain removed 33.70–47.63% of protein, 71.84–87.62% of amino acids, 41.9–92.97% of carbohydrates, 59.72–99.30% of nitrogen, and 80.74–99.10% of phosphorus. Furthermore, <i>S. rubescens</i> MDP19 showed a significantly enhanced lipid content (68.11%) at an NSCW concentration of 0.5 g L<sup>−1</sup>. At this concentration, the lipid composition of <i>S. rubescens</i> MDP19 was particularly complex, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidylglycerols, and acylglycerols. The pigment profile includes neoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, chlorophyll a, geranylgeranyl chlorophyll a, chlorophyllide b, hydrochlorophyllide b, and pheophytin a. These results indicate that natural sheep casings waste represents a promising source of nitrogen, reducing the need for nutrient supplementation in microalgae production. This approach not only offers a sustainable and economical alternative for optimizing microalgae cultivation but also contributes to the valorization of organic waste, thus supporting more ecological and responsible practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/3/109<i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i>marine microalgaenatural casingsorganic solid waste valorizationnutrient removallipids |
| spellingShingle | Sanaa Ouzakar Nadia Skali Senhaji Francesca Rigano Cinzia Cafarella Francesco Cacciola Luigi Mondello Jamal Abrini Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid Production Recycling <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> marine microalgae natural casings organic solid waste valorization nutrient removal lipids |
| title | Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid Production |
| title_full | Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid Production |
| title_fullStr | Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid Production |
| title_short | Potential of Natural Sheep Casings Waste as a Sole Nitrogen Source for the Marine Microalga <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> MDP19 Growth and Lipid Production |
| title_sort | potential of natural sheep casings waste as a sole nitrogen source for the marine microalga i scenedesmus rubescens i mdp19 growth and lipid production |
| topic | <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> marine microalgae natural casings organic solid waste valorization nutrient removal lipids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/3/109 |
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