End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images

Purpose We examined whether end-to-end deep-learning models could detect moderate (≥50%) or severe (≥70%) stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery (LCX) in iodine contrast-enhanced ECG-gated coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans.Meth...

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Main Authors: Truls Råmunddal, Naveed Sattar, Erik Andersson, Kristofer Skoglund, Araz Rawshani, Göran Bergström, Deepak L Bhatt, Elmir Omerovic, Oskar Angerås, Bjorn Redfors, Jan Borén, Petur Petursson, Aidin Rawshani, Lukas Hilgendorf, Vibha Gupta, Gustav Smith, Carlo Pirazzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-01-01
Series:Open Heart
Online Access:https://openheart.bmj.com/content/12/1/e002998.full
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author Truls Råmunddal
Naveed Sattar
Erik Andersson
Kristofer Skoglund
Araz Rawshani
Göran Bergström
Deepak L Bhatt
Elmir Omerovic
Oskar Angerås
Bjorn Redfors
Jan Borén
Petur Petursson
Aidin Rawshani
Lukas Hilgendorf
Vibha Gupta
Gustav Smith
Carlo Pirazzi
author_facet Truls Råmunddal
Naveed Sattar
Erik Andersson
Kristofer Skoglund
Araz Rawshani
Göran Bergström
Deepak L Bhatt
Elmir Omerovic
Oskar Angerås
Bjorn Redfors
Jan Borén
Petur Petursson
Aidin Rawshani
Lukas Hilgendorf
Vibha Gupta
Gustav Smith
Carlo Pirazzi
author_sort Truls Råmunddal
collection DOAJ
description Purpose We examined whether end-to-end deep-learning models could detect moderate (≥50%) or severe (≥70%) stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery (LCX) in iodine contrast-enhanced ECG-gated coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans.Methods From a database of 6293 CCTA scans, we used pre-existing curved multiplanar reformations (CMR) images of the LAD, RCA and LCX arteries to create end-to-end deep-learning models for the detection of moderate or severe stenoses. We preprocessed the images by exploiting domain knowledge and employed a transfer learning approach using EfficientNet, ResNet, DenseNet and Inception-ResNet, with a class-weighted strategy optimised through cross-validation. Heatmaps were generated to indicate critical areas identified by the models, aiding clinicians in understanding the model’s decision-making process.Results Among the 900 CMR cases, 279 involved the LAD artery, 259 the RCA artery and 253 the LCX artery. EfficientNet models outperformed others, with EfficientNetB3 and EfficientNetB0 demonstrating the highest accuracy for LAD, EfficientNetB2 for RCA and EfficientNetB0 for LCX. The area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) reached 0.95 for moderate and 0.94 for severe stenosis in the LAD. For the RCA, the AUROC was 0.92 for both moderate and severe stenosis detection. The LCX achieved an AUROC of 0.88 for the detection of moderate stenoses, though the calibration curve exhibited significant overestimation. Calibration curves matched probabilities for the LAD but showed discrepancies for the RCA. Heatmap visualisations confirmed the models’ precision in delineating stenotic lesions. Decision curve analysis and net reclassification index assessments reinforced the efficacy of EfficientNet models, confirming their superior diagnostic capabilities.Conclusion Our end-to-end deep-learning model demonstrates, for the LAD artery, excellent discriminatory ability and calibration during internal validation, despite a small dataset used to train the network. The model reliably produces precise, highly interpretable images.
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spelling doaj-art-2fd91659629249acaa11744460e7c5b02025-08-20T02:45:07ZengBMJ Publishing GroupOpen Heart2053-36242025-01-0112110.1136/openhrt-2024-002998End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT imagesTruls Råmunddal0Naveed Sattar1Erik Andersson2Kristofer Skoglund3Araz Rawshani4Göran Bergström5Deepak L Bhatt6Elmir Omerovic7Oskar Angerås8Bjorn Redfors9Jan Borén10Petur Petursson11Aidin Rawshani12Lukas Hilgendorf13Vibha Gupta14Gustav Smith15Carlo Pirazzi16Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Goteborg, SwedenInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UKDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USADepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Goteborg, SwedenDepartment of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 41345, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Goteborg, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset, Goteborg, SwedenPurpose We examined whether end-to-end deep-learning models could detect moderate (≥50%) or severe (≥70%) stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery (LCX) in iodine contrast-enhanced ECG-gated coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans.Methods From a database of 6293 CCTA scans, we used pre-existing curved multiplanar reformations (CMR) images of the LAD, RCA and LCX arteries to create end-to-end deep-learning models for the detection of moderate or severe stenoses. We preprocessed the images by exploiting domain knowledge and employed a transfer learning approach using EfficientNet, ResNet, DenseNet and Inception-ResNet, with a class-weighted strategy optimised through cross-validation. Heatmaps were generated to indicate critical areas identified by the models, aiding clinicians in understanding the model’s decision-making process.Results Among the 900 CMR cases, 279 involved the LAD artery, 259 the RCA artery and 253 the LCX artery. EfficientNet models outperformed others, with EfficientNetB3 and EfficientNetB0 demonstrating the highest accuracy for LAD, EfficientNetB2 for RCA and EfficientNetB0 for LCX. The area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) reached 0.95 for moderate and 0.94 for severe stenosis in the LAD. For the RCA, the AUROC was 0.92 for both moderate and severe stenosis detection. The LCX achieved an AUROC of 0.88 for the detection of moderate stenoses, though the calibration curve exhibited significant overestimation. Calibration curves matched probabilities for the LAD but showed discrepancies for the RCA. Heatmap visualisations confirmed the models’ precision in delineating stenotic lesions. Decision curve analysis and net reclassification index assessments reinforced the efficacy of EfficientNet models, confirming their superior diagnostic capabilities.Conclusion Our end-to-end deep-learning model demonstrates, for the LAD artery, excellent discriminatory ability and calibration during internal validation, despite a small dataset used to train the network. The model reliably produces precise, highly interpretable images.https://openheart.bmj.com/content/12/1/e002998.full
spellingShingle Truls Råmunddal
Naveed Sattar
Erik Andersson
Kristofer Skoglund
Araz Rawshani
Göran Bergström
Deepak L Bhatt
Elmir Omerovic
Oskar Angerås
Bjorn Redfors
Jan Borén
Petur Petursson
Aidin Rawshani
Lukas Hilgendorf
Vibha Gupta
Gustav Smith
Carlo Pirazzi
End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images
Open Heart
title End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images
title_full End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images
title_fullStr End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images
title_full_unstemmed End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images
title_short End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images
title_sort end to end deep learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary ct images
url https://openheart.bmj.com/content/12/1/e002998.full
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