Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Plant-based diets are associated with reduced CVD risk factors. This study aimed to explore the associations between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and asymmetric dimethylar...

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Main Authors: Farshad Amirkhizi, Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh, Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki, Somayyeh Asghari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Nutrition & Metabolism
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00932-1
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author Farshad Amirkhizi
Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh
Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki
Somayyeh Asghari
author_facet Farshad Amirkhizi
Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh
Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki
Somayyeh Asghari
author_sort Farshad Amirkhizi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Plant-based diets are associated with reduced CVD risk factors. This study aimed to explore the associations between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and other metabolic biomarkers in women with PCOS. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 150 females aged 18–45 years diagnosed with PCOS were recruited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the relevant demographic characteristics, detailed clinical information, and lifestyle habits of participants. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and DPI was calculated accordingly. We used multiple linear regression to determine the association between serum concentrations of ADMA, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin, and lipid profile, as well as atherogenic indices across quartiles of DPI. Results There was a negative correlation between the DPI and serum levels of ADMA (p-trend = 0.022), triglycerides (TG) (p-trend = 0.003), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL) (p-trend = 0.001), insulin (p-trend = 0.045) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p-trend = 0.018). Moreover, there was a tendency for visceral adiposity index (VAI) (p-trend = 0.005) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (p-trend = 0.001) to decrease as the quartile categories of DPI increased. No significant regular trend was found for serum levels of FSG, SHBG, total testosterone, other lipid profiles, and lipid accumulation product (LAP). Conclusions These findings suggest that adherence to a phytochemical-rich diet decrease the CVD risk factors in PCOS patients.
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spelling doaj-art-2fca9b294de24b7bade02daf9f83ac892025-08-20T01:49:39ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752025-05-0122111010.1186/s12986-025-00932-1Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndromeFarshad Amirkhizi0Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh1Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki2Somayyeh Asghari3Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Plant-based diets are associated with reduced CVD risk factors. This study aimed to explore the associations between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and other metabolic biomarkers in women with PCOS. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 150 females aged 18–45 years diagnosed with PCOS were recruited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the relevant demographic characteristics, detailed clinical information, and lifestyle habits of participants. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and DPI was calculated accordingly. We used multiple linear regression to determine the association between serum concentrations of ADMA, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin, and lipid profile, as well as atherogenic indices across quartiles of DPI. Results There was a negative correlation between the DPI and serum levels of ADMA (p-trend = 0.022), triglycerides (TG) (p-trend = 0.003), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL) (p-trend = 0.001), insulin (p-trend = 0.045) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p-trend = 0.018). Moreover, there was a tendency for visceral adiposity index (VAI) (p-trend = 0.005) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (p-trend = 0.001) to decrease as the quartile categories of DPI increased. No significant regular trend was found for serum levels of FSG, SHBG, total testosterone, other lipid profiles, and lipid accumulation product (LAP). Conclusions These findings suggest that adherence to a phytochemical-rich diet decrease the CVD risk factors in PCOS patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00932-1Polycystic ovary syndromeDietary phytochemical indexAtherogenic indicesAsymmetric dimethylarginine
spellingShingle Farshad Amirkhizi
Mahdiyeh Taghizadeh
Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki
Somayyeh Asghari
Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Nutrition & Metabolism
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Dietary phytochemical index
Atherogenic indices
Asymmetric dimethylarginine
title Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
title_full Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
title_fullStr Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
title_short Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
title_sort association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolic markers serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and atherogenic indices in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
topic Polycystic ovary syndrome
Dietary phytochemical index
Atherogenic indices
Asymmetric dimethylarginine
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00932-1
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