Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness

The relation between attention, perception, and awareness is among the most fundamental problems in the science of the mind. One of the most striking and well-known phenomena bearing on this question is inattentional blindness (IB). In IB, naive observers fail to report clearly visible stimuli when...

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Main Authors: Makaela Nartker, Chaz Firestone, Howard Egeth, Ian Phillips
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2025-05-01
Series:eLife
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Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/100337
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author Makaela Nartker
Chaz Firestone
Howard Egeth
Ian Phillips
author_facet Makaela Nartker
Chaz Firestone
Howard Egeth
Ian Phillips
author_sort Makaela Nartker
collection DOAJ
description The relation between attention, perception, and awareness is among the most fundamental problems in the science of the mind. One of the most striking and well-known phenomena bearing on this question is inattentional blindness (IB). In IB, naive observers fail to report clearly visible stimuli when their attention is otherwise engaged—famously missing a gorilla parading before their eyes. IB carries tremendous significance, both as evidence that awareness requires attention and as a tool in seeking the neural correlates of consciousness. However, such implications rest on a notoriously biased measure: asking participants whether they noticed anything unusual (and interpreting negative answers as reflecting a complete lack of perception). Here, in the largest ever set of IB studies, we show that, as a group, inattentionally blind participants can successfully report the location, color, and shape of stimuli they deny noticing, demonstrating that perceptual information remains accessible in IB. By introducing absent trials, we further show that observers are collectively biased to report not noticing in IB—essentially ‘playing it safe’ in reporting their sensitivity. These data provide the strongest evidence to date of significant residual visual sensitivity in IB. They also challenge the use of inattentional blindness to argue that awareness requires attention.
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spelling doaj-art-2fc982583a7a45d786c80b4625cf44712025-08-20T03:07:58ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2025-05-011310.7554/eLife.100337Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindnessMakaela Nartker0Chaz Firestone1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1247-2422Howard Egeth2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-0827Ian Phillips3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-8045Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United StatesDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States; Department of Philosophy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United StatesDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United StatesDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States; Department of Philosophy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United StatesThe relation between attention, perception, and awareness is among the most fundamental problems in the science of the mind. One of the most striking and well-known phenomena bearing on this question is inattentional blindness (IB). In IB, naive observers fail to report clearly visible stimuli when their attention is otherwise engaged—famously missing a gorilla parading before their eyes. IB carries tremendous significance, both as evidence that awareness requires attention and as a tool in seeking the neural correlates of consciousness. However, such implications rest on a notoriously biased measure: asking participants whether they noticed anything unusual (and interpreting negative answers as reflecting a complete lack of perception). Here, in the largest ever set of IB studies, we show that, as a group, inattentionally blind participants can successfully report the location, color, and shape of stimuli they deny noticing, demonstrating that perceptual information remains accessible in IB. By introducing absent trials, we further show that observers are collectively biased to report not noticing in IB—essentially ‘playing it safe’ in reporting their sensitivity. These data provide the strongest evidence to date of significant residual visual sensitivity in IB. They also challenge the use of inattentional blindness to argue that awareness requires attention.https://elifesciences.org/articles/100337inattentional blindnesssignal detectionattentionperceptionawarenessconsciousness
spellingShingle Makaela Nartker
Chaz Firestone
Howard Egeth
Ian Phillips
Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
eLife
inattentional blindness
signal detection
attention
perception
awareness
consciousness
title Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
title_full Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
title_fullStr Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
title_full_unstemmed Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
title_short Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
title_sort sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
topic inattentional blindness
signal detection
attention
perception
awareness
consciousness
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/100337
work_keys_str_mv AT makaelanartker sensitivitytovisualfeaturesininattentionalblindness
AT chazfirestone sensitivitytovisualfeaturesininattentionalblindness
AT howardegeth sensitivitytovisualfeaturesininattentionalblindness
AT ianphillips sensitivitytovisualfeaturesininattentionalblindness