Improvement of Statistical Models by Considering Correlations among Parameters: Local Anesthetic Agent Simulator for Pharmacological Education
Background: To elucidate the effects of local anesthetic agents (LAs), guinea pigs are used in pharmacological education. Herein, we aimed to develop a simulator for LAs. Previously, we developed a statistical model to simulate the LAs’ effects, and we estimated their parameters (mean [<inline-fo...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | BioMedInformatics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7426/4/4/114 |
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| Summary: | Background: To elucidate the effects of local anesthetic agents (LAs), guinea pigs are used in pharmacological education. Herein, we aimed to develop a simulator for LAs. Previously, we developed a statistical model to simulate the LAs’ effects, and we estimated their parameters (mean [<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>] and logarithm of standard deviation [<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>]) based on the results of animal experiments. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation were similar to those from the animal experiments. However, the drug parameter values widely varied among individuals, because this simulation did not consider correlations among parameters. Method: In this study, we set the correlations among these parameters, and we performed simulations using Monte Carlo simulation. Results: Weakly negative correlations were observed between <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>r</mi><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mo>−</mo><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). In contrast, weakly positive correlations were observed among <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and among <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>r</mi><mrow><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). In the Monte Carlo simulation, the variability in duration was significant for small <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>r</mi><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mo>−</mo><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> values, and the correlation for the duration between two drugs was significant for large <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>r</mi><mrow><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> values. When parameters were generated considering the correlation among the parameters, the correlation of the duration among the drugs became larger. Conclusions: These results suggest that parameter generation considering the correlation among parameters is important to reproduce the results of animal experiments in simulations. |
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| ISSN: | 2673-7426 |