Two-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel Interconnects

The promise of quantum computation is contingent upon physical qubits with both a low gate error rate and broad scalability. Silicon-based spins are a leading qubit platform but demonstrations to date have not utilized fabrication processes capable of extending arrays in two dimensions while maintai...

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Main Authors: Sieu D. Ha, Edwin Acuna, Kate Raach, Zachery T. Bloom, Teresa L. Brecht, James M. Chappell, Maxwell D. Choi, Justin E. Christensen, Ian T. Counts, Dominic Daprano, J.P. Dodson, Kevin Eng, David J. Fialkow, Christina A. C. Garcia, Wonill Ha, Thomas R. B. Harris, nathan holman, Isaac Khalaf, Justine W. Matten, Christi A. Peterson, Clifford E. Plesha, Matthew J. Ruiz, Aaron Smith, Bryan J. Thomas, Samuel J. Whiteley, Thaddeus D. Ladd, Michael P. Jura, Matthew T. Rakher, Matthew G. Borselli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-08-01
Series:PRX Quantum
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/sgn1-1t2d
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author Sieu D. Ha
Edwin Acuna
Kate Raach
Zachery T. Bloom
Teresa L. Brecht
James M. Chappell
Maxwell D. Choi
Justin E. Christensen
Ian T. Counts
Dominic Daprano
J.P. Dodson
Kevin Eng
David J. Fialkow
Christina A. C. Garcia
Wonill Ha
Thomas R. B. Harris
nathan holman
Isaac Khalaf
Justine W. Matten
Christi A. Peterson
Clifford E. Plesha
Matthew J. Ruiz
Aaron Smith
Bryan J. Thomas
Samuel J. Whiteley
Thaddeus D. Ladd
Michael P. Jura
Matthew T. Rakher
Matthew G. Borselli
author_facet Sieu D. Ha
Edwin Acuna
Kate Raach
Zachery T. Bloom
Teresa L. Brecht
James M. Chappell
Maxwell D. Choi
Justin E. Christensen
Ian T. Counts
Dominic Daprano
J.P. Dodson
Kevin Eng
David J. Fialkow
Christina A. C. Garcia
Wonill Ha
Thomas R. B. Harris
nathan holman
Isaac Khalaf
Justine W. Matten
Christi A. Peterson
Clifford E. Plesha
Matthew J. Ruiz
Aaron Smith
Bryan J. Thomas
Samuel J. Whiteley
Thaddeus D. Ladd
Michael P. Jura
Matthew T. Rakher
Matthew G. Borselli
author_sort Sieu D. Ha
collection DOAJ
description The promise of quantum computation is contingent upon physical qubits with both a low gate error rate and broad scalability. Silicon-based spins are a leading qubit platform but demonstrations to date have not utilized fabrication processes capable of extending arrays in two dimensions while maintaining complete control of individual spins. Here, we implement an interconnect process, common in semiconductor manufacturing, with multiple back-end-of-line layers, to show an extendable two-dimensional array of spins with fully controllable nearest-neighbor exchange interactions. In a device using three interconnect layers, we encode exchange-only qubits and achieve average single-qubit gate fidelities consistent with single-layer devices, including fidelities greater than 99.9%, as measured by blind randomized benchmarking. Moreover, with spin connectivity in two dimensions, we show that both linear and right-angle exchange-only qubits with high performance can be formed, enabling qubit array reconfigurability in the presence of defects. This extendable device platform demonstrates that industrial manufacturing techniques can be leveraged for scalable spin qubit technologies.
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spelling doaj-art-2f9bc3c135db49688cc2d304260219c22025-08-20T03:04:50ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992025-08-016303032710.1103/sgn1-1t2dTwo-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel InterconnectsSieu D. HaEdwin AcunaKate RaachZachery T. BloomTeresa L. BrechtJames M. ChappellMaxwell D. ChoiJustin E. ChristensenIan T. CountsDominic DapranoJ.P. DodsonKevin EngDavid J. FialkowChristina A. C. GarciaWonill HaThomas R. B. Harrisnathan holmanIsaac KhalafJustine W. MattenChristi A. PetersonClifford E. PleshaMatthew J. RuizAaron SmithBryan J. ThomasSamuel J. WhiteleyThaddeus D. LaddMichael P. JuraMatthew T. RakherMatthew G. BorselliThe promise of quantum computation is contingent upon physical qubits with both a low gate error rate and broad scalability. Silicon-based spins are a leading qubit platform but demonstrations to date have not utilized fabrication processes capable of extending arrays in two dimensions while maintaining complete control of individual spins. Here, we implement an interconnect process, common in semiconductor manufacturing, with multiple back-end-of-line layers, to show an extendable two-dimensional array of spins with fully controllable nearest-neighbor exchange interactions. In a device using three interconnect layers, we encode exchange-only qubits and achieve average single-qubit gate fidelities consistent with single-layer devices, including fidelities greater than 99.9%, as measured by blind randomized benchmarking. Moreover, with spin connectivity in two dimensions, we show that both linear and right-angle exchange-only qubits with high performance can be formed, enabling qubit array reconfigurability in the presence of defects. This extendable device platform demonstrates that industrial manufacturing techniques can be leveraged for scalable spin qubit technologies.http://doi.org/10.1103/sgn1-1t2d
spellingShingle Sieu D. Ha
Edwin Acuna
Kate Raach
Zachery T. Bloom
Teresa L. Brecht
James M. Chappell
Maxwell D. Choi
Justin E. Christensen
Ian T. Counts
Dominic Daprano
J.P. Dodson
Kevin Eng
David J. Fialkow
Christina A. C. Garcia
Wonill Ha
Thomas R. B. Harris
nathan holman
Isaac Khalaf
Justine W. Matten
Christi A. Peterson
Clifford E. Plesha
Matthew J. Ruiz
Aaron Smith
Bryan J. Thomas
Samuel J. Whiteley
Thaddeus D. Ladd
Michael P. Jura
Matthew T. Rakher
Matthew G. Borselli
Two-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel Interconnects
PRX Quantum
title Two-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel Interconnects
title_full Two-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel Interconnects
title_fullStr Two-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel Interconnects
title_full_unstemmed Two-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel Interconnects
title_short Two-Dimensional Si Spin Qubit Arrays with Multilevel Interconnects
title_sort two dimensional si spin qubit arrays with multilevel interconnects
url http://doi.org/10.1103/sgn1-1t2d
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